Explanation

• Blue light has the shortest wavelength.
• In the visible spectrum, wavelength decreases from red to violet.

Additional information:

• Red light rays have the lowest frequency and highest wavelength value.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Solvent extraction is controlled by the Distribution Law (Nernst Distribution Law).
• It describes how a solute distributes between two immiscible liquids.
• At equilibrium, the concentration ratio remains constant.
• This law governs equilibrium in extraction processes.

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Because they produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP provides energy for different cellular activities such as movement, growth, and transport.
• Energy is produced through aerobic cellular respiration using oxygen and الغذائی molecules.
• They are found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
• Richard Altmann first described mitochondria in 1890.

Main Parts of a Cell:

1. Cell membrane → Outer protective layer
2. Nucleus → Controls cell activities
3. Cytoplasm → Jelly-like material between membrane and nucleus

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

The energy of a photon is calculated using the formula E = hf, where:

• h = Planck’s constant
• f = frequency of the photon

This shows that photon energy is directly proportional to its frequency.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere

It is where weather occurs and contains about 75% of the atmosphere’s mass.

The principle constituent of the atmosphere of the Earth is called Nitrogen.

Explanation

A liquid with very high vapour pressure boils at a lower temperature because it reaches atmospheric pressure more quickly.

Boiling occurs when vapour pressure equals external pressure — higher vapour pressure means this happens sooner.

Explanation

Orbitals that have the same energy level are called degenerate orbitals.

This concept is important in understanding electron behavior and how they fill atomic orbitals, following principles like the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.

For example, in a hydrogen atom, all orbitals with the same principal quantum number (n) are degenerate. 

Explanation

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

SI unit hertz (Hz)

In SI base units: s−1

Derivations from other quantities: f = 1 / T

Dimension T^−1

***

Explanation

Explanation

Friction always acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting movement.

Since work = force × displacement × cos θ, and θ = 180°, cos 180° = –1, so work is negative.