SPSC 25 YEARS PAST PAPERS 2001 TO 2026
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
مرکزی بینکاری کے تناظر میں "آخری قرض دہندہ" سے کیا مراد ہے؟
- A bank providing loans to commercial banks during times of financial crisis
- A Commercial bank providing loans to the central bank
- A government agency providing loans to individuals and businesses
- A central bank offering loans to foreign governments
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The Lender of Last Resort is the central bank role.
- It provides emergency funds to commercial banks.
- This happens during financial crisis or liquidity shortage.
- It helps maintain banking system stability.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Is good for society
- Is all that is permitted by law
- Maximizes profits
- Allows price adjustment but not quantity adjustment
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- In perfect competition, firms follow the rule P = MC.
- This is the point where profit is maximized.
- If P > MC → firm can increase profit by producing more.
- If P < MC → firm should reduce output.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
تمام منافع زیادہ کرنے والی فرمیں مزدوروں کو اس حد تک ملازمت دیتی ہیں جہاں؟
- Average physical product of labour equals the nominal wage
- Last unit of labour adds equally to total revenue and total cost
- Marginal product of Labour is at its maximum value
- Value of output most greatly exceeds labour's marginal factor cost
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- A profit-maximizing firm hires labour where benefit = cost.
- This means Marginal Revenue Product (MRP) = Marginal Factor Cost (MFC).
- The last worker hired adds equal revenue and cost.
- This is the optimal hiring point.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Own price elasticity is -1.3
- Goods X and Y are substitute to each other
- Goods X and Y are complements to each other
- Income Elasticity of X is -2
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Demand function shows relation of quantity with price and income.
- Own price coefficient (-1.3) follows law of demand.
- Cross-price coefficient (-1.8) is negative → goods are complements.
- Income coefficient (+2) → good is normal.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Serenity
- Laxity
- Active
- Bold
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Lethargy means سستی
- Laxity means سستی
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Scarce
- Rare
- Pervasive
- Both A and B
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Explanation
Ubiquitous means ہر جگہ موجود
- Rare means عام یا شاذ و نادر ہی نہیں ملا
- Scarce means قلیل
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- $20
- $30
- $40
- $50
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
Marginal cost = derivative of C(Q) C(Q) = 2Q² + 10Q + 50
MC(Q) = dC/dQ = 4Q + 10
For the 5th unit, Q = 5:
MC = 4(5) + 10 = 20 + 10 = $30
Last verified on 24-04-2026
فریکشنل بے روزگاری اکثر کب ہوتی ہے؟
- The economy enters a recession
- People first enter the labour force
- People are discriminated against
- People lose a job because their skills are no longer needed
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Frictional unemployment is short-term and temporary.
- It occurs when people are between jobs or entering the workforce.
- It is a normal part of a healthy economy.
- It happens due to job search and transition time.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
اجتماعی طلب کا منحنی نیچے کی طرف کیوں ڈھلوان رکھتا ہے؟
- Wealth effect
- Interest rate effect
- Exchange rate effect
- All of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The Aggregate Demand (AD) curve slopes downward.
- This means when price level falls, demand increases.
It happens due to three main effects.
- Wealth Effect: Lower prices → higher real wealth → more consumption
- Interest Rate Effect: Lower prices → lower interest rates → more investment
- Exchange Rate Effect: Lower prices → exports increase → higher demand
Last verified on 24-04-2026
سال 2022-23 میں پاکستان کی معیشت کو سب سے بڑا چیلنج کیا درپیش تھا؟
- Low literacy rate
- Rising inflation
- Low employment
- Current account deficit
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- In 2022–23, Pakistan faced severe economic instability.
- The biggest issue was rising inflation (high prices).
- Inflation reached multi-decade highs, affecting daily life.
- It reduced purchasing power of people.
Last verified on 24-04-2026