SPSC 25 YEARS PAST PAPERS 2001 TO 2026
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
بین الاقوامی تجارت کا بیک ورڈ ایفیکٹ کہاں واقع ہوتا ہے؟
- Between two different areas of the same countries only
- Between two different countries only
- Both A and B
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The backward effect of international trade refers to the impact of trade on less-developed or supplying regions.
- It can occur within a country (between regions) as well as between different countries.
- Trade may sometimes slow development in backward areas by drawing resources away.
- Thus, it is not limited to only one type of region.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
درج ذیل میں سے کون سا ٹیکس نظام معاشی عدم مساوات کو کم کرتا ہے؟
- Progressive tax
- Regressive tax
- Flat rate tax
- All of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- A progressive tax system taxes higher-income individuals at higher rates.
- It reduces income inequality by redistributing wealth from rich to poor.
- Lower-income groups pay less, while higher-income groups contribute more.
- Thus, it helps in reducing economic disparities in society.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
افراطِ زر کے دوران ڈیویڈنڈ حاصل کرنے والے کی حقیقی آمدنی عام طور پر کیسی ہوتی ہے؟
- Unaffected
- More than before
- Less than before
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Inflation means a general rise in prices, reducing purchasing power.
- Dividend income depends on company profits and may rise during inflation.
- However, prices usually rise faster than dividends.
- So, the real income (purchasing power) of dividend earners generally decreases.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
کینزی نظریہ کے مطابق بچت اور سرمایہ کاری میں برابری کس چیز کی تبدیلی سے آتی ہے؟
- Supply of money
- Level of income
- Rate of interest
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- In Keynesian Theory, saving (S) and investment (I) are brought into equality through changes in income.
- If saving exceeds investment, income falls; if investment exceeds saving, income rises.
- Thus, equilibrium is achieved by adjusting the level of income, not the interest rate.
- This is a core idea of Keynesian macroeconomics.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
کاب ڈگلس پیداوار فنکشن میں کون سا قانون لاگو ہوتا ہے؟
- The law of increasing returns to scale holds
- The law of diminishing returns to scale holds
- The law of constant returns to scale holds
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The Cobb–Douglas production function explains the relationship between inputs (labor & capital) and output.
- In its standard form, it assumes constant returns to scale.
- This means if all inputs are increased by the same proportion, output increases in the same proportion.
- It is widely used in production and growth analysis.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
کون سا مفروضہ انڈیفرینس کرو کو اصل کی طرف محدب بناتا ہے؟
- Cardinality of utility
- A diminishing Marginal Rate of substitution
- Originally of utility
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- An indifference curve shows combinations of two goods giving the same satisfaction.
- It is convex to the origin because of the diminishing marginal rate of substitution (MRS).
- As a consumer substitutes one good for another, the willingness to substitute decreases.
- This reflects normal consumer behavior and balanced preferences.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
وارنٹڈ شرحِ نمو سے کیا مراد ہے؟
- The rate of growth which would make planned investment equal to realized investment
- The rate of growth warranted by the resources at the disposal of the community
- The rate of growth planned by the planning authority of the country
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The warranted rate of growth is a concept from Harrod-Domar Model.
- It is the growth rate at which the economy remains in equilibrium.
- At this rate, planned (desired) investment equals actual (realized) investment.
- If growth deviates, the economy faces instability like inflation or unemployment.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
درج ذیل میں سے کون سی چیز ذاتی آمدنی میں شامل ہوتی ہے لیکن قومی آمدنی میں شامل نہیں ہوتی؟
- Interest on Public Debt
- Dividends
- Wages
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- National Income includes earnings from production (wages, rent, profit, interest).
- Personal Income is the income actually received by individuals.
- Some incomes like interest on public debt are transfer payments, not linked to current production.
- Hence, they are included in Personal Income but excluded from National Income.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
جب کوئی ملک درآمدی محصول لگاتا ہے تو اس کی آفر کرو پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟
- To shift it away from the import-commodity axis
- Nil
- To shift it away from the export-commodity axis
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- An offer curve shows how much a country is willing to export and import at different terms of trade.
- When a country imposes an import tariff, it reduces its demand for imports.
- As a result, the offer curve shifts away from the import-commodity axis.
- This reflects lower willingness to trade at previous terms.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
اسکوانٹ اصل کی طرف کیوں مُنحنی ہوتا ہے؟
- Law of increasing returns
- Law of diminishing returns
- Diminishing marginal rate of substitution between factors
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- An isoquant shows different combinations of two inputs (like labor and capital) that produce the same output.
- It is convex to the origin due to the diminishing marginal rate of substitution (MRTS) between factors.
- This means as one input increases, more and more of the other input is needed to maintain the same output.
- This reflects realistic production behavior in economics.
Last verified on 22-04-2026
