Explanation

• The Al-Azhar Mosque and University in Cairo was founded by Al-Muizz li-Din Allah.
• It was established in 970–972 CE after the Fatimids founded Cairo.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Abbasid Caliphate shifted its capital from Kufa to Baghdad in 145 AH (762 CE).
• This decision was made by Caliph Al-Mansur.
• Baghdad was built as a new planned capital named Madinat al-Salam (City of Peace).
• Reason: Strategic, political, and administrative control

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Abdul Malik ibn Marwan made Arabic the official language of administration in the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Period: 685–705 CE
• Languages replaced: Greek (Syria) and Persian (Iraq/Iran)
• Impact: Centralized and strengthened Umayyad governance

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Ali (R.A) ruled as Caliph for about 4 years and 9 months (656–661 CE).
• His caliphate began in 35 AH (656 CE) after the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman (R.A).
• It ended in 40 AH (661 CE) with his martyrdom in Kufa.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) belonged to the Banu Adi clan of Quraysh.
• He was the second Caliph of Islam.
• His caliphate lasted from 634 CE to 644 CE.
• He succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• The Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty was signed in 6 AH for 10 years.
  
• It was scribed by Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A).
• Hudaibiyah is the name of tree.
• It is referred to as "Fatah Al-Mubeen" (the clear victory) in Surah Al-Fatah.
• It was a pivotal agreement between Muhammad SAW representing Medina and the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca.
• Suhail bin Amr signed on behalf of Mecca.
• It contained 7 clauses.

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) organized and strengthened the consultative system of governance known as Majlis-e-Shoora.
• He used it for important state decisions, justice, and administration.

Additional information:

• Second Caliph of Islam
• Established Bait-ul-Maal system
• Introduced judicial reforms
• Divided empire into provinces

Last verified on 31-05-2026

Explanation

• Compiled During: Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)
• Suggestion By: Hazrat Umar (R.A)
• Compiler: Zayd bin Thabit (R.A)
• Reason: Martyrdom of Huffaz in Battle of Yamama
• Language: Arabic

Additional information:

• Quran was revealed over 23 years.
• First revelation came in 610 CE.
• Total Surahs: 114
• Total Juz (Paras): 30
• Standard copies were later distributed during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A).

Last verified on 17-05-2026