Explanation

• Abdul Malik ibn Marwan made Arabic the official language of administration in the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Period: 685–705 CE
• Languages replaced: Greek (Syria) and Persian (Iraq/Iran)
• Impact: Centralized and strengthened Umayyad governance

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Ali (R.A) ruled as Caliph for about 4 years and 9 months (656–661 CE).
• His caliphate began in 35 AH (656 CE) after the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman (R.A).
• It ended in 40 AH (661 CE) with his martyrdom in Kufa.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) belonged to the Banu Adi clan of Quraysh.
• He was the second Caliph of Islam.
• His caliphate lasted from 634 CE to 644 CE.
• He succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) organized and strengthened the consultative system of governance known as Majlis-e-Shoora.
• He used it for important state decisions, justice, and administration.

Additional information:

• Second Caliph of Islam
• Established Bait-ul-Maal system
• Introduced judicial reforms
• Divided empire into provinces

Last verified on 31-05-2026

Explanation

• Compiled During: Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)
• Suggestion By: Hazrat Umar (R.A)
• Compiler: Zayd bin Thabit (R.A)
• Reason: Martyrdom of Huffaz in Battle of Yamama
• Language: Arabic

Additional information:

• Quran was revealed over 23 years.
• First revelation came in 610 CE.
• Total Surahs: 114
• Total Juz (Paras): 30
• Standard copies were later distributed during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A).

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Marwan I the fourth Umayyad caliph
• Founder of the Marwanid line
• Father: Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As
• Mother: Amina bint Alqama
• Reign: 684–685 CE

Additional information 

•  Marwan II (Marwan ibn Muhammad), he was the son of Muhammad ibn Marwan 

Last updated question by NS on 2 MAY 2026

Explanation

• The police system was first established by Umar ibn al-Khattab.
• He was the second Caliph (634–644 CE).
• A proper system of law enforcement and public safety was organized.
• He also introduced the Hijri calendar.
• He established systems like Bait-ul-Mal (treasury) and judiciary.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• During the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A), the Muslim empire expanded rapidly.
• Approximately 22,51,000 square miles came under Muslim control.
• Major conquests included Persia, Syria, Egypt, and Iraq.
• His rule lasted from 634 to 644 AD.
• He is known for strong administration and justice system.

Last verified on 28-04-2026

Explanation

• The first writer of Wahi (Revelation) in Makkah was Khalid ibn Sa'id (R.A).
• He belonged to the Quraysh tribe.
• In Madinah, main scribe → Zayd ibn Sabit (R.A)
• Compilation of Qur’an → Abu Bakr (R.A) era

Last verified on 28-04-2026