Explanation

• Ali ibn Abi Talib (656 to 661 CE) shifted the capital from Madinah to Kufa.
• This change happened around 657 CE (36 AH) after internal conflicts like the Battle of Jamal.
• Earlier, Madinah was the capital during the first three caliphs.
• He is buried in Najaf.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The police system was first established by Umar ibn al-Khattab.
• He was the second Caliph (634–644 CE).
• A proper system of law enforcement and public safety was organized.
• He also introduced the Hijri calendar.
• He established systems like Bait-ul-Mal (treasury) and judiciary.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• During the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A), the Muslim empire expanded rapidly.
• Approximately 22,51,000 square miles came under Muslim control.
• Major conquests included Persia, Syria, Egypt, and Iraq.
• His rule lasted from 634 to 644 AD.
• He is known for strong administration and justice system.

Last verified on 28-04-2026

Explanation

• The first writer of Wahi (Revelation) in Makkah was Khalid ibn Sa'id (R.A).
• He belonged to the Quraysh tribe.
• In Madinah, main scribe → Zayd ibn Sabit (R.A)
• Compilation of Qur’an → Abu Bakr (R.A) era

Last verified on 28-04-2026

Explanation

• Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A) was given the title “Abu Turab”.
• This title was given by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
• It means “Father of Dust”.
• He was found resting on the ground, hence the name.
• He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet (PBUH).

Last verified on 28-04-2026

Explanation

• Asadullah is the title of Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA),
• Asadullah  means Lion of Allah
• Earning him the name Sher-e-Khuda (Lion of God).
• By his courage in battles like Badr, Uhud, and Khaybar
• The title was first given to Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib,
• Cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
• First among children to accept Islam
• The fourth Caliph of Islam
• Martyred in 661 AD.

Nickname of the companion

Last updated by NA on 27 April 2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (R.A) embraced Islam in 616 AD at the age of 32 years.
• This was the 6th year of Prophethood (6 Nabvi).
• He accepted Islam after hearing verses of Surah Taha.
• He later became the second Caliph (634–644 AD).

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) established the system of Bait-ul-Mal.
• He appointed Abdullah ibn Masud (RA) as its custodian.
• Bait-ul-Mal means the House of Wealth / Public Treasury.
• It was used to manage Islamic state finances.
• This system ensured fair distribution of resources.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) declared the Nile River as Sayed ul Anhar (Chief of Rivers).
• This happened during his caliphate (634–644 AD).
• The Nile River was highly valued for its importance to Egypt.
• Length of Nile River: ~6650 km
• Origin: Lake Victoria (East-Central Africa)

Last verified on 27-04-2026