Explanation

• Caliph Umar (R.A.) introduced the system of salaries and allowances for Muslim soldiers.
• Caliphate: 634–644 AD (13–23 AH)
• Administrative Reform: Diwan (State Register)
• Capital: Madinah

Additional information:

• Hazrat Umar (R.A.) also established the Bayt-ul-Mal (State Treasury) to manage state finances.
• He introduced the Hijri Calendar in 638 AD (17 AH)

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• The Jewish warrior Marhab was killed by Hazrat Ali (RA) during the Battle of Khybar.
• The Battle of Khybar took place in 7 AH (628 AD).
• Hazrat Ali (RA) was given the Muslim army's flag by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ).
• After defeating Marhab, the Muslims captured the forts of Khybar.

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (RA) marched to Damascus during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).
• In 634 AD (13 AH), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) sent Khalid bin Walid (RA) from Iraq to Syria.
• He led the Muslim forces in the campaign against the Byzantine Empire.
• Damascus was later conquered in 634 AD, during the early Islamic conquests.
• Hazrat Khalid (RA) was known as Saifullah (The Sword of Allah).

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Abdul Malik bin Marwan (5th Umayyad Caliph)
• Reign: 12 April 685 – 9 October 705

Had 4 sons who became Caliphs:

1. Al-Walid I (705–715 CE)
2. Sulayman (715–717 CE)
3. Yazid II  (720–724 CE)
4. Hisham (724–743 CE) 

Last updated 17 july 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) had the shortest tenure among the Rashidun (Orthodox) Caliphs.

Additional information:

1. Abu Bakr – 632–634 CE (2 years - Shortest Tenure)
2. Umar ibn al-Khattab – 634–644 CE (10 years)
3. Uthman ibn Affan – 644–656 CE (12 years - Longest Tenure)
4. Ali ibn Abi Talib – 656–661 CE (5 years)
5. Hasan ibn Ali – 661 CE (about 6 months

Last verified on 03-07-2026

Explanation

• Suggested by: Hazrat Umar (RA)
• Approved by: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
• Compiled by: Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RA)
• Reason: Martyrdom of many Huffaz in the Battle of Yamama (11 AH / 632 AD)
• Compilation Period: 11–13 AH (632–634 AD) during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

Last verified on 10-07-2026

Explanation

• Prophet Muhammad entrusted the key to Uthman ibn Talha (RA)
• This took place after the Conquest of Makkah (8 AH / 630 AD).
  
• The descendants of Uthman ibn Talha, known as the Al-Shaibi family
• The Prophet (SAW) declared the trust would remain with that family forever.
• The role of the keykeeper is called Sadanah al-Kaaba. 

Last updated by NS on 06-09-2026​

Explanation

• Hazrat Awais Karni (RA) in the history of Islam only sahabi without seeing Holy Prophet (ﷺ).
• He was born in Asir region of Saudi Arabia in 594 CE.
• He was 28 years of age when the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) migrated to Madinah.

Last verified on 01-07-2026

Explanation

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) → First Caliph (632–634 CE)
2. Hazrat Umar (R.A.) → Second Caliph (634–644 CE)
3. Hazrat Usman (R.A.) → Third Caliph (644–656 CE)
4. Hazrat Ali (R.A.) → Fourth Caliph (656–661 CE)

Last verified on 30-06-2026

Explanation

• Capital: Damascus (Syria)
• Rule period: 661–750 CE
• Founder: Muawiyah I
• Type of government: Hereditary monarchy
• Ended after: Abbasid Revolution (750 CE)

Last verified on 22-06-2026