Explanation

• The loss of electrons and protons (H+ ions) is called oxidation.
• Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or the addition of oxygen.
• Resulting in a change in the oxidation state of an atom, molecule, or ion.

Explanation

In cellular respiration, each mole of glucose typically produces about 36-38 ATP molecules.

To determine how many moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules, we can use the following calculation:

180 ATP/36 ATP or mole of glucose = 5 moles of glucose

Thus, 5 moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules.

Explanation

• The electron transport chain (ETC) is the stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria.
• The cristae are specialized infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the ETC complexes are embedded.

Explanation

• The energy released (14135 KJ) is equivalent to the energy released from the oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6), which is typically around 2820 KJ/mol.
• To find the number of moles of glucose consumed, you can divide the energy released (14135 KJ) by the energy released per mole of glucose (2820 KJ/mol):
• 14135 KJ ÷ 2820 KJ/mol = 5 mol

Explanation

• The lock and key model proposes that the enzyme and substrate have specific, complementary geometric shapes that fit together perfectly, like a key fitting into a lock.
• This means that the active site of the enzyme is a rigid, pre-formed structure that perfectly complements the shape of the substrate.

Explanation

• The rate of a chemical reaction typically increases when the temperature increases.
• As higher temperatures provide more energy for the reactant molecules to collide and react.

Explanation

• Organic solvents are not a typical factor that affects enzyme activity.
• In fact, many enzymes are denatured or inactivated in the presence of organic solvents.
• As they can disrupt the enzyme's native structure and function.

Explanation

• Chemical reactions require specific conditions to proceed at a proper rate.
• Temperature and pressure are two of the most important factors that influence reaction rates.

Explanation

• The mismatched pair is: Proteases → Carbohydrate
• Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, not carbohydrates.

Explanation

• The induced fit model proposes that the active site of an enzyme is flexible and changes shape until the substrate binds, much like a glove molding to fit a hand.
• This model suggests that the enzyme adapts to the substrate, rather than the substrate simply fitting into a pre-existing lock.