LECTURER ECONOMICS PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
گھٹیا اشیاء وہ اشیاء ہیں جو؟
- Have zero income elasticity
- Have negative income elasticity
- Have less than one but greater than zero Income elasticity
- People have no preference of consuming
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Inferior goods are goods whose demand decreases when income increases.
- They have a negative income elasticity of demand.
- When people become richer, they buy less of these goods.
- Example: low-quality food, cheap transport.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- At the visitors
- For the visitors
- The visitors
- None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The correct structure is “give someone something”.
- So we say: We gave the visitors a meal.
- “The visitors” is the correct object of the verb.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Price of X is greater than price of Y
- MUx > MUy
- The household could increase his total utility by consuming more of X and less of Y
- Household is not spending all his income
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Consumers maximize utility when MUx/Px = MUy/Py.
- Here, MUx/Px > MUy/Py means good X gives more satisfaction per rupee.
- So the consumer should buy more X and less Y.
- This increases total utility until equilibrium is reached.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
کاروباری چکر کا وہ مرحلہ جس میں حقیقی جی ڈی پی بڑھ رہا ہو، اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟
- Expansion
- Peak
- Recession
- Trough
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The business cycle shows economic ups and downs.
- When real GDP is increasing, the economy is growing.
- This upward phase is called expansion.
- It includes rising income, output, and employment.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
کروڈنگ آؤٹ سے کیا مراد ہے؟
- The decrease in private investment that occurs when government borrowing increases
- The increase in private investment that occurs when government borrowing decreases
- The decrease in government spending that occurs when private investment increases
- The increase in government spending that occurs when private investment decreases
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Crowding out is a macroeconomic concept.
- It occurs when government borrows more money from the market.
- This increases interest rates and reduces private investment.
- So, private sector investment is “crowded out” by government borrowing.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
مجموعی قدرِ اضافہ اور خالص قدرِ اضافہ میں فرق کیا ہے؟
- Investment
- Value added
- Production flow
- Depreciation
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Gross Value Added (GVA) includes total value of output before depreciation.
- Net Value Added (NVA) excludes depreciation (wear and tear of capital).
- The difference between them is consumption of fixed capital (depreciation).
- So, depreciation is the key adjustment factor.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
مرکزی بینکاری کے تناظر میں "آخری قرض دہندہ" سے کیا مراد ہے؟
- A bank providing loans to commercial banks during times of financial crisis
- A Commercial bank providing loans to the central bank
- A government agency providing loans to individuals and businesses
- A central bank offering loans to foreign governments
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- The Lender of Last Resort is the central bank role.
- It provides emergency funds to commercial banks.
- This happens during financial crisis or liquidity shortage.
- It helps maintain banking system stability.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Is good for society
- Is all that is permitted by law
- Maximizes profits
- Allows price adjustment but not quantity adjustment
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- In perfect competition, firms follow the rule P = MC.
- This is the point where profit is maximized.
- If P > MC → firm can increase profit by producing more.
- If P < MC → firm should reduce output.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
تمام منافع زیادہ کرنے والی فرمیں مزدوروں کو اس حد تک ملازمت دیتی ہیں جہاں؟
- Average physical product of labour equals the nominal wage
- Last unit of labour adds equally to total revenue and total cost
- Marginal product of Labour is at its maximum value
- Value of output most greatly exceeds labour's marginal factor cost
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- A profit-maximizing firm hires labour where benefit = cost.
- This means Marginal Revenue Product (MRP) = Marginal Factor Cost (MFC).
- The last worker hired adds equal revenue and cost.
- This is the optimal hiring point.
Last verified on 24-04-2026
- Own price elasticity is -1.3
- Goods X and Y are substitute to each other
- Goods X and Y are complements to each other
- Income Elasticity of X is -2
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
- Demand function shows relation of quantity with price and income.
- Own price coefficient (-1.3) follows law of demand.
- Cross-price coefficient (-1.8) is negative → goods are complements.
- Income coefficient (+2) → good is normal.
Last verified on 24-04-2026