Explanation

• First Caliph: Hazrat Abu Bakr (June 8, 632 – August 23, 634)
• Second Caliph: Hazrat Umar (R.A.)
• Third Caliph: Hazrat Usman (R.A.)
• Fourth Caliph: Hazrat Ali (R.A.) (656–661 CE)

Sahabi who proposed Hazrat Abu Bakr for the Caliphate: Hazrat Umar (R.A.)

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

Dome of the Rock

• Location: Temple Mount, Old City of Jerusalem
• Completed: 691–692 CE by Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik
• Built on: Site of the Second Jewish Temple
• Historical Fact: Original temple destroyed in 70 CE by Romans
• Significance: Important Islamic shrine and landmark

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

Uthman bin Affan bought the well and gifted it to Muslims and declared it as a Waqf.

Explanation

Article 10A of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 ensures the right to fair trial and due process.

It applies in the determination of a person’s civil rights and obligations or in any criminal charge against him.

Explanation

• A Hadith collection in which the narrations are categorized and compiled under the name of each Companion (Sahabi) is called a Musnad
• A famous collection of this type is the Musnad of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
• contains approximately twenty-seven thousand Hadiths 

Explanation

The law requires that the accused be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, not counting the time spent in traveling.

Explanation

This is a principle of natural justice, ensuring impartiality and preventing bias in decision-making.

Explanation

Article 199 empowers the High Court to issue writs against the Government and public authorities.

It ensures the protection of fundamental rights and legality of official actions.

Explanation

Section 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code allows the police to arrest a person without a warrant under specific circumstances, such as suspicion of involvement in a cognizable offence.

Section 54 CrPC lists 9 specific grounds on which a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant.

These include offences cognizable in nature, preventing further crime, or ensuring appearance before a magistrate.

Explanation

The legal term “Audi alteram partem” means Listen to the other side. 

This Latin maxim is a fundamental principle of natural justice, ensuring that no person is judged or condemned without a fair hearing in which both parties have the opportunity to present their case and respond to the evidence against them.