Explanation

For Like Charges:

1. Coulomb's Law states that like charges (both positive or both negative) exert a repulsive force on each other.

2. This is a fundamental principle of electrostatics: similar charges push each other away.

For Unlike Charges:

• Unlike charges (one positive and one negative) attract each other due to the electrostatic force of attraction.

Explanation

- The elementary charge on a single electron is -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.

- It’s a fundamental physical constant.

Explanation

The term "isobaric" comes from the Greek words iso (meaning equal) and baros (meaning weight or pressure).

This means that the pressure of the system remains constant throughout the process.

In an isobaric process, the volume, temperature, and internal energy may all change. 

Explanation

A converging lens (usually convex) bends parallel rays of light to meet at a single point (focus).

It is commonly used in magnifying glasses and optical instruments.

Explanation

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

SI unit hertz (Hz)

In SI base units: s−1

Derivations from other quantities: f = 1 / T

Dimension T^−1

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Explanation

1. Work is defined as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force: $W=\vec{F}\cdot \vec{d}=Fd\cos \theta$.

2. The result of a dot product is a scalar (magnitude only, no direction).

3. Thus, work is a scalar quantity.

Explanation

1. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states:

   $$\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">F</font></b>}<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">=</font></b>\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">G</font></b>}\frac{{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">m</font></b>}}_{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">1</font></b>}}{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">m</font></b>}}_{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">2</font></b>}}}{{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">r</font></b>}}^{\mathrm{<b><font\; color="\#0000ff">2</font></b>}}}$$

   where $F$ is the gravitational force, $m_1$ and $m_2$ are the masses, $r$ is the distance between them, and $G$ is the gravitational constant.

2. Thus, the force depends on:

   • Product of their masses ($m_1{m}_2$)

   • Distance between masses ($r$)

Explanation

Explanation

The force of friction always acts opposite to the direction of the applied force or intended motion.

It resists relative motion between surfaces.

Explanation

The SI unit of acceleration is meters/second^2 (m/s^2 or ms^-2)

Acceleration (a) is defined as the rate of change of velocity.

Velocity is a vector quantity, and therefore acceleration is also a vector quantity.