Explanation

Originally published: 1965

Author: John Joseph Saunders

Explanation

Mustafa Kemal, later known as Ataturk

He was born in Thessaloniki (also called Salonika) on July 12, 1881

1st President of Turkey In office 29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938

Died: 10 November 1938 (aged 57), Istanbul, Turkey

Resting place: Anıtkabir, Ankara

Explanation

Carl Brockelmann is the author of "History of the Islamic Peoples".

He was a professor at the universities in Breslau, Berlin, and, from 1903, Konigsberg.

He is best known for his multi-volume Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (first published 1898–1902) ('History of Arabic literature') 

Explanation

The idiom "against one's grain" means "against one's nature."

It indicates something contrary to a person's natural inclination, feelings, or beliefs

Explanation

The first open-heart surgery in India was performed on February 16, 1961

By Dr. K.N. Dastur at BYL Nair Hospital in Mumbai.

He used a heart-lung machine developed with the help of engineers at the National Steel Company.

The surgery was performed on a 19-year-old girl named Hemlata 

Explanation

The best alternative to "exorbitant حد سے زیادہ  " from the options provided is excessive.

Both "excessive ضرورت سے زیادہ " and "extravagantاسراف "

Explanation

Satellite

سیٹلائٹ

Explanation

Vacuum خالی

Explanation

Deceive دھوکہ دینا

Explanation

"To win laurels" means to achieve honor, praise