Explanation

• In July 2023, Naila Kiani scaled Broad Peak, making her the first woman from Pakistan to climb all eight-thousanders in the country.
• Naila Kiani  is also the first Pakistani woman to summit eight peaks above 8,000m in the world.

Explanation

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize 2023 to Narges Mohammadi.

For her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all.

Explanation

In 2023, CPEC entered Phase II, focusing on industrialization, socio-economic development, and agriculture after completing Early Harvest Projects.

This phase emphasizes high-quality growth through special economic zones, industrial parks, and science & technology initiatives.

Explanation

On 23 January 2023, a national grid frequency fluctuation caused a massive blackout affecting 220 million people in Pakistan.

The outage was due to faulty grid synchronization during energy-saving shutdowns, leading to unstable frequency (~50.75 Hz) and a 12-hour power collapse.

Explanation

Giorgia Meloni became Italy’s first female Prime Minister on 22 October 2022 after her center-right coalition won the election on 25 September 2022.

Her appointment marked the first woman to lead Italy and the return of a far-right government since World War II.

Explanation

In response to the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, NATO officially invited both Finland and Sweden to join the alliance during its Madrid Summit in June 2022.

Finland, facing immediate security concerns due to its long border with Russia, completed its accession and became a full NATO member on April 4, 2023.

Explanation

The name is inspired by the name of the Yemeni city of Mocha, located on the Red Sea coast.

In May 2023, The Cyclone Mocha made landfall in Rakhine State bringing heavy rains, flooding, and strong winds across coastal and low-lying areas in Myanmar and Bangladesh.

Explanation

Pakistan’s first-ever National Security Policy (NSP) for 2022–2026 places economic security at its core, marking a shift from the traditional focus solely on military strength.

It emphasizes building a strong economy to bolster overall national resilience.

Explanation

15th BRICS summit held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2023.

• Know everything about BRICS: 
• BRICS founded: June 2009
  
• BRICS Member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
  
• BRICS total members: 10 
• South Africa joined BRICS: 2010
• BRICS headquarters: Shanghai, China
• BRICS first conference hosted by: Russia (2009) 

Explanation

Saudi Arabia and Iran officially agreed to restore diplomatic relations on March 10, 2023, following years of hostility, in an agreement brokered by China.

Under this deal, the two countries agreed to reopen their embassies within two months, reestablish security, trade, and cultural ties, signaling a major thaw in relations facilitated by Chinese mediation.