Explanation

• The Bofors scandal was an arms deal between India and a Swedish company.
• It involved the purchase of Bofors 155mm howitzers by India in the 1980s.
• The deal became controversial due to allegations of bribery and corruption.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Recently, South Air and Air Karachi have started operations in Pakistan’s private aviation sector.

Additional information:

South Air

• Introduced: Late 2025 (expanded in 2026)
• Focus: Regional and low-cost travel
• Fleet: ATR 72-500 aircraft
• Routes: Gwadar, Turbat, Panjgur, Karachi, Quetta, Islamabad
• Target: Underserved and remote areas

Air Karachi

• Launched: Mid-2026
• Backing: 42 Karachi-based business investors
• Investment: ₨5 billion
• Fleet: 3 Airbus A320 (leased)
• Routes: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Sukkur, Multan, Quetta
• Future plan: International flights after 1 year

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• The Constitution of Pakistan clearly defines the state religion.
• Under Article 2, Islam is declared the state religion of Pakistan.
• This provision was included in the Constitution of 1973.
• It reflects the Islamic identity of the state.
• It guides the overall legal and ideological framework of Pakistan.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Japan is a member of the G7 group of advanced economies.
• Japan is the only Asian country in the G7.
• G7 focuses on global economic and political issues.
• Members: USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• G.H. Mead’s theory is called Symbolic Interactionism (Theory of Self).
• It explains how the self develops through social interaction.
• Individuals understand themselves through communication and symbols.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• A role set means all the roles attached to one social status.
• It explains that a single status has multiple expectations and duties.
• These roles are performed in different social relationships.
• It is a concept in sociology by Robert K. Merton.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Feminism mainly works for gender equality between men and women.
• It focuses on removing discrimination and ensuring equal rights.
• The goal is to create equal opportunities in education, work, and society.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• The main function of social institutions is to fulfill basic social needs of society.
• Social institutions provide structure and stability in human life.
• They organize important activities like education, family, economy, and religion.
• They help individuals live in an organized society.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Social control means regulating behavior and maintaining order in society.
• It refers to the methods used by society to encourage conformity with social norms and rules.
• It helps maintain stability and cooperation among people.
• Social control can be formal (laws, courts) or informal (family, customs).

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Dramaturgy Theory mainly relates to the “Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.”
• This theory was given by Erving Goffman.
• It compares social life with a theatre performance, where people present themselves before others.
• Front Stage: Public behavior shown to others
• Back Stage: Private behavior away from the audience

Last verified on 22-06-2026