Explanation

• Islamabad was named on 24 February 1960.
• It was declared the new capital of Pakistan during the era of Ayub Khan.
• The capital was shifted from Karachi to Islamabad for better administration and a central location.
• The city was planned and designed by the Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis.

Additional information:

• 1961 – Construction of the new capital city started
• 1967 – Government offices gradually shifted to Islamabad

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• The empirical formula of water is H₂O

• Freezing point: 0°C (32°F)
• Boiling point: 100°C
• Molar mass: 18.015 g/mol
• Density: 997 kg/m³
• Melting point: 0°C

Last updated by NA on 25-April-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• A barometer measures atmospheric (air) pressure.
• It helps in weather forecasting, detecting storms, and studying climate changes.
• Two common types of barometers: mercury barometer and aneroid barometer.

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Khewra Salt Mine is the largest and oldest salt mine in Pakistan and the second-largest in the world.
• It is located in Khewra near Pind Dadan Khan, Jhelum District, Punjab.

Additional information:

• It is also called the Mayo Salt Mine.
• The salt deposits were discovered during the campaign of Alexander the Great in 326 BC.
• The mine was officially opened in 1872 during the British period.

Last verified on 14-03-2026

Explanation

• Rutherford’s gold foil experiment (1911) showed that an atom has a small, dense, positively charged center called the nucleus.
• The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, while most of the atom is empty space.

Additional information:

• Nucleus contains: Protons (+) and neutrons (neutral)
• Electrons move around the nucleus in mostly empty space
• The experiment involved alpha particles being deflected by the nucleus.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Designer: Amir Uddin Kidwai Adoption Date: 11 August 1947 (officially adopted) Additional information: Green field – represents Muslims of Pakistan White stripe – represents minorities and religious minorities’ rights Crescent and star – symbol of progress and light Proportion of flag: 2:3 (height:width)

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Spiritual means روح، مذہب، یا اندرونی زندگی
• Religion means روح، مذہب، یا اندرونی زندگی

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan Standard Time (PST) is 5 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
• Suggested by Professor Muhammad Anwar in 1951.
• GMT is the standard time of Greenwich, UK, used as a reference worldwide.
• Example: When it is 12:00 noon GMT, it is 5:00 PM in Pakistan.

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Sunlight travels at the speed of light (~3 × 10⁸ m/s).
• Takes 8 minutes 20 seconds on average to reach Earth.
• Sunlight takes approximately 499 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth.
• Distance traveled: 150 million km from Sun to Earth.
• Moonlight takes only 1.3 seconds to reach Earth.

Last verified on 13-03-2026