Explanation

• Some organisms feed on dead and decaying organic matter instead of living organisms.
• These organisms are called saprotrophs.
• They play an important role in decomposition and nutrient recycling in ecosystems.
• Examples include fungi, bacteria, and some protists.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Stomata are tiny pores on leaf surfaces that control gas exchange and water loss.
• Their opening and closing is regulated by certain nutrients.

• Adequate potassium improves drought tolerance and water-use efficiency in crops.
• Crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane respond strongly to potassium fertilization.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that stimulates fruit ripening.
• It can inhibit vegetative growth in some plants.
• It is naturally produced by fruits like apples and bananas during maturation.

Additional information:

• Abscisic acid helps in seed dormancy and stress response.
• Auxin mainly promotes cell elongation and growth.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Hypocotyl is the portion of the embryonic stem below the cotyledon(s).
• It connects the cotyledons to the radicle (embryonic root).
• During germination (especially in dicots), hypocotyl often elongates and lifts cotyledons above soil.

Additional information:

• Epicotyl is the stem part above the cotyledons.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• In maize (Zea mays), the first structure to emerge from the seed during germination is the radical root.
• It is also known as the primary root.
• This root grows downward into the soil, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and nutrients.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Brassica juncea is the scientific name of Indian mustard, a major oilseed crop.
• Cultivated for edible oil, seeds, and sometimes as a green manure crop.

Additional information:

• B. napus – Canola/Rapeseed
• B. oleracea – Cabbage, Cauliflower

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Hydrophytes are plants adapted to grow in water-rich environments such as ponds, lakes, and marshes.
• Examples: Water lily, Lotus, Hydrilla, and Rice (partially submerged).

Additional information:

• Plants that demand low water are called Xerophytes.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• A wind vane (also called a weather vane) shows the direction from which the wind is blowing.
  • Usually installed on rooftops or meteorological stations.
  • Works with a rotating pointer that aligns with the wind direction.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Cotton (Gossypium spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family.
• This family also includes okra (bhindi), hibiscus, and cacao.
• Plants usually have showy flowers and mucilaginous tissues.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Wheat (Triticum aestivum) belongs to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family — the grass family.
• This family includes major cereals like wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum.
• Members have narrow leaves, hollow stems, and fibrous roots.

Last verified on 01-02-2026