Explanation

• The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into different layers (Troposphere, Mesosphere, and Exosphere).
• Hydrosphere refers to all water bodies on Earth.
• Therefore, Hydrosphere is not part of the atmosphere.

Additional information:

• Troposphere: 0–12 km (weather layer)
• Stratosphere: 12–50 km
• Mesosphere: 50–85 km
• Thermosphere: 85–600 km
• Exosphere: 600 km and above

Last verified on 21-04-2026

Explanation

• Rainfall is measured using a Rain Gauge.
• It collects rainwater and measures it in millimeters (mm).
• Widely used in weather forecasting and meteorology.
• Helps in studying climate and agriculture patterns.

Last verified on 31-03-2026

Explanation

In a cloudburst, rainfall specifically exceeds 100 millimetres (about 4 inches) per hour over a localized area. 

Explanation

• Limiting factors are environmental conditions that restrict the growth, abundance, or distribution of organisms.
• They determine which species can survive and how many individuals of each species can exist in an ecosystem.
• Limiting factors can be abiotic (non-living) like sunlight, water, or temperature.
• They can also be biotic (living) like competition, predation, or disease.

Last verified on 15-03-2026

Explanation

• Tundra is a cold, treeless region found near the Arctic and Antarctic.
• Soil is often frozen (permafrost) throughout the year.
• Vegetation includes mosses, lichens, and low shrubs.
• Animals adapted: polar bears, arctic foxes, reindeer.

Last verified on 13-03-2026