Explanation

Fossils are mainly found in sedimentary rocks.

Additional information:

• Rock Type: Sedimentary rocks (e.g., sandstone, limestone, shale)
• Formation: Layered deposition of sediments over time
• Contains: Fossils of plants, animals, and microorganisms
• Not in: Igneous or metamorphic rocks usually

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Coniferous forests (taiga) have lower biodiversity compared to tropical rain forests.

Additional information:

• Coniferous Forests: Taiga, found in northern regions, dominated by conifers (pine, spruce)
• Biodiversity: Lower due to cold climate, acidic soil, and short growing season
• Tropical Rainforests: High biodiversity, thousands of plant and animal species
• Examples: Amazon, Congo, Southeast Asia

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Vitamin Name: B12 (Cobalamin)
• Source: Produced by gut bacteria; present in meat, fish, eggs, dairy
• Function: Essential for RBC formation, nerve function, DNA synthesis
• Not Found In: Fruits and vegetables

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Pasteurization of milk is a heat treatment process used to kill harmful microorganisms.

In the HTST method, milk is heated to 161°F (72°C) for 15 seconds.

Additional information:

• Another method: LTLT → 145°F for 30 minutes
• Pasteurization improves safety and shelf life of milk

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Fats and oils provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins. 

• Energy from fats: ~9 kcal/g
• Energy from carbs: ~4 kcal/g
• Energy from proteins: ~4 kcal/g
• Ratio: 9 ÷ 4 = 2.25 times

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) helps prevent browning in fruits.

By inhibiting the enzymes responsible for oxidation.

It is commonly used to keep cut fruits fresh.

Additional information:

• Commonly used in food preservation (lemon juice on fruits)
• Also essential for immunity and collagen formation

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Phosphorus is a major mineral in the human body.

It makes up about 14–17% of the skeleton.

Additional information:

Skeleton Composition:

• Calcium: ~65%
• Phosphorus: ~14–17%
• Magnesium: ~1%
• Sodium & others: trace amounts

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Nature of Disease: Chronic and progressive
• Main Causes: Hepatitis B & C, alcohol abuse, fatty liver disease
• Effect: Scarring (fibrosis) reduces liver efficiency

Explanation

• The intensity of a stimulus in the brain is detected by the frequency of nerve impulses. 
• A stronger stimulus produces a higher number of action potentials per second.

Additional information:

• The brain interprets stimulus strength by impulse frequency, not impulse size
• Common in sensory neurons (touch, pain, sound)

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Came into Force: 16 February 2005

  Adopted: 11 December 1997 (Kyoto, Japan)

• Objective: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

• Parties: 190+ countries

• Linked To: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Last verified on 15-01-2026