Explanation

Shafts can be made by turning/grinding, hot rolling, or cold drawing depending on size and strength requirements.

All these methods are commonly used in industry for shaft manufacturing.

Explanation

Washers are standardized based on the diameter of the hole to fit specific bolts or screws.

Other dimensions like thickness and outside diameter vary, but the hole size is primary for specification.

Explanation

Factor of Safety (FoS) measures how much stronger a system is than required for normal use.

It is calculated as FoS = Yield Stress / Working Stress, ensuring safety under loads.

Explanation

Chisels require high hardness and wear resistance to cut hard materials.

High carbon steel provides the required hardness after heat treatment.

Explanation

Carburizing is applied to low-carbon steel (about 0.1%–0.2% carbon).

The process increases surface carbon content to improve hardness and wear resistance.

Explanation

Die casting produces gears with good surface finish but lower strength.

Therefore, such gears are generally used for light-duty applications, not heavy load transmission.

Explanation

A suddenly applied load produces double the stress compared to the same load applied gradually.

This is due to the absence of gradual energy distribution in sudden loading.

Explanation

In simple harmonic motion, acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and always directed toward the mean position.

The ratio a/x remains constant and equal -w², which defines SHM.

Explanation

q = 5t sin 4πt mC

i = dq/dt

= d/dt (5t sin 4πt)

= 5 sin 4πt + 20πt cos 4πt (mC/s)

At t = 0.5 s:

i = 5 sin 2π + 10π cos 2π

= 0 + 10π mA

≈ 31.42 mA

Explanation

Z_Th = 80 + j55 Ω

For max power transfer, Z_L = Z_Th*

= 80 - j55 Ω