Explanation

Under Rule 152 of the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Rules 1976, an advocate must not advise violation of law.

Exception: this does not apply if advice is given in good faith that a particular law is invalid.

Explanation

Under Article 70 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, oral evidence can prove all facts except the contents of documents.

The contents of documents must be proved by primary or secondary documentary evidence, not by oral statements.

Explanation

As per Section 410 CrPC 1898, a person convicted by a Sessions Judge has the right to appeal.

Such an appeal lies to the High Court, not to the same Sessions Court.

Explanation

• As per Article 45 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984, admissions are relevant evidence.
• However, an admission is not conclusive proof of the fact admitted.
• It can still be used against the person making it.
• Such admissions may create an estoppel against the party.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

Under Order V Rule 7 CPC 1908, no pleading can introduce any allegation of fact inconsistent with earlier pleadings, except through amendment.

This ensures consistency and fairness in the pleadings process, avoiding contradictions in a party’s own case.

Explanation

Under Rule 163 of the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Rules 1976, an advocate in public prosecution must aim at justice, not conviction.

Therefore, suppressing facts or concealing witnesses proving the accused’s innocence is considered highly reprehensible.

Explanation

As per Section 302(c) PPC 1860, if qisas is not applicable, the offender is punished with imprisonment of either description up to 25 years.

This applies in cases where murder does not fulfill conditions for qisas under Islamic injunctions.

Explanation

As per Article 119 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, the burden of proof lies on the person who asserts a fact.

However, if any law provides otherwise, the burden shifts to that particular person specified by law.

Explanation

Article 141(1) of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984 allows that when a witness is cross-examined, he may be asked questions to test his truthfulness (veracity).

Such questions can also shake his credibility or expose his position in relation to the case.

Explanation

Section 5(1) CrPC 1898 specifies that all offences under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) are to be investigated, inquired into, tried, and dealt with according to CrPC provisions.

Offences under any special law are dealt with as provided in that specific law, unless CrPC provisions are expressly applied.