Explanation

According to Article 65 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, whenever the opinion of any expert is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant.

This means that when an expert's opinion is considered important in a legal case, the reasoning and evidence supporting that opinion are also admissible as evidence.

Explanation

Article 2(1)(a) QSO defines "Court" broadly but excludes arbitrators from the category.

This is because arbitrators are not legally authorized to take evidence as courts do.

Explanation

According to Article 102, illustration (e) of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, if a receipt for money paid by B to A is provided, and oral evidence is then offered to prove the payment, the oral evidence is not admissible.

This is because the receipt itself is considered the primary evidence of the payment, and oral evidence cannot be used to contradict, add to, or vary the terms of a document.

Explanation

As per Article 80 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, if no attesting witness can be found, it must be proved that they have died or cannot be located.

In such cases, it must also be shown that the document was executed by the person who purportedly signed it.

Explanation

• Section 80 PPC provides protection for acts done without criminal intent.
• It applies when the act occurs due to accident or misfortune.
• The act must be done lawfully and with proper care and caution.
• There should be no negligence or intention to harm.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

As per Article 25 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, any fact that helps the court determine the amount of damages is considered relevant.

This allows the court to award fair and just compensation based on evidence.

Explanation

• As per Article 31(1) of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984, rules relate to admissions.
• Statements made by a party to proceedings are relevant when offered against them.
• This also includes statements made by an authorized agent of the party.
• Such statements are treated as admissions in evidence law.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

As per Article 76(e) of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, secondary evidence is admissible when the original document is not easily movable.

This ensures that justice is not hindered due to practical difficulties in producing the original.

Explanation

As per Article 7 of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984, a public officer cannot be compelled to disclose communications if it harms public interest.

This protects state security and confidentiality in sensitive matters.

Explanation

As per Section 58 CrPC 1898, a police officer may pursue and arrest without warrant a person he is authorized to arrest under Chapter V.

Such pursuit can extend anywhere in Pakistan, ensuring no escape from lawful arrest.