Explanation

If the force acting on a body is plotted along the y-axis and the displacement covered as a result is plotted along the x-axis, then the work done is given by the Area under the curve.

Explanation

 p24:

This protein is part of the Gag protein complex, which is responsible for forming the viral core.

The matrix is the layer surrounding the viral core, and p24 is the primary structural component of this matrix. 

gp120 and gp41:

These are glycoproteins on the surface of the HIV envelope.

They are involved in viral attachment to and entry into host cells, but not the formation of the matrix. 

Explanation

 Glycolysis is the initial stage of both fermentation and cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate and generating a small amount of ATP and NADH, regardless of whether oxygen is present. 

Explanation

The false statement regarding Hepatitis A virus is Causes chronic liver disease. 

 Hepatitis A is typically a mild, self-limiting illness that does not lead to chronic liver disease unlike hepatitis B and C. 

Explanation

Explanation

The tertiary structure of a protein refers to its complex, folded shape in 3D space, which is crucial for enzyme function.

This structure is formed by interactions between the amino acid side chains within the polypeptide chain,

Including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges

Explanation

Whey, the liquid part of milk after curdling, contains lactose, proteins, and nutrients that can be used by both:

- Bacteria – for fermentation (e.g., in yogurt or cheese production)

- Yeast – as a nutrient source in certain fermentation processes

Explanation

1-Butyne is an alkyne, and the hydrogen atom attached to the triple-bonded carbon is relatively acidic due to the high s-character of the carbon involved in the triple bond.

This allows it to donate a proton (H+) in an acid-base reaction. 

Explanation

Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) is a 1,2-diol, and both periodic acid (HIO4) and lead tetraacetate (Pb(OAc)4)

They are strong oxidizing agents capable of cleaving the carbon-carbon bond between the adjacent hydroxyl groups in a glycol

Resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids. In the case of ethylene glycol, this would yield oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH). 

Explanation

An oxidizing agent readily accepts electrons, and higher oxidation states of a metal generally indicate a greater tendency to gain electrons and act as an oxidizing agent. 

Mn⁴⁺:

While not as strong as MnO4-, Mn4+ is still a potent oxidizing agent due to its high oxidation state. 

Mn³⁺:

This ion is considered a particularly strong oxidizing agent because it readily reduces to Mn²+, a more stable configuration. 

Mn⁷⁺:

In the form of permanganate ion (MnO₄⁻), Mn⁷+ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the listed options.

It has the highest oxidation state of manganese and readily accepts electrons.