Explanation

A mass spectrometer separates ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio (M/E).

Ions with different masses or charges will follow different paths in the magnetic field, allowing separation.

Explanation

Atomicity refers to the number of atoms present in a single molecule of an element or compound.

For example, O₂ has an atomicity of 2, while P₄ has an atomicity of 4.

Explanation

In the equation PV = nRT, R is the Universal Gas Constant, used in the ideal gas law.

Its value is 8.31 J/mol·K.

It links pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Explanation

Light waves are electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum without a medium.

They consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation.

Explanation

Elasticity is the property of a body that enables it to return to its original shape after the deforming force is removed.

Materials like rubber show high elasticity, while clay does not.

Explanation

• 1 second → Half oscillation of a seconds pendulum
• 0.1 second → Very fast oscillating system
• 2 seconds → Time period of a seconds pendulum
• 0.5 second → Faster pendulum, shorter length than seconds pendulum

Explanation

A semiconductor has electrical properties between a conductor and an insulator.

It conducts electricity under certain conditions, making it essential in electronic devices.

Explanation

In a metallic conductor, current flows due to the movement of free electrons in the conduction band.

These electrons drift under the influence of an electric field, creating electric current.

Explanation

The aperture refers to the diameter of the lens through which light enters.

It controls the amount of light reaching the lens, affecting brightness and focus.

Explanation

A mass attached to a spring oscillates back and forth around an equilibrium position, following Hooke's Law.

This periodic motion with a restoring force proportional to displacement defines simple harmonic motion (SHM).