Explanation

Jainism opposed the Caste System, advocating for equality and non-discrimination based on social status.

It emphasized personal responsibility, non-violence, and the liberation of the soul, irrespective of caste.

Explanation

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire.

He established the first centralized government in the Indian subcontinent.

His empire included Gandhara, which is present-day northern Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan.

Explanation

A state is made of four basic elements: Population, territory, government, and sovereignty.

1. Population: A group of people living within a defined territory.
2. Territory: A geographically defined area where the state exercises control.
3. Government: An organized system that governs the population.
4. Sovereignty: The supreme power within a territory, allowing the government to make and enforce laws independently. 

Explanation

Isolation of communities leads to the creation of new languages as groups become separated and develop distinct dialects over time.

This linguistic divergence can result in the emergence of a completely new language.

Explanation

The Pharaohs of Egypt believed that after death, they would become divine or gods.

They thought they would live eternally in the afterlife.

It often depicted as a continuation of their earthly power.

Explanation

Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians civilizations flourished in Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

These civilizations are known for their early advancements in writing, law, and architecture.

Explanation

The Executive is responsible for implementing the laws made by the legislature.

It includes government officials, agencies, and departments that carry out and enforce laws.

Explanation

Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

He was serving from 1858 to 1862.

His policy of "mercy without weakness" aimed at restoring stability and maintaining British control over India after the rebellion.

Explanation

Pakistan has a long history of contributing to United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing both military and police personnel to various conflict zones worldwide.

The Pakistan Armed Forces are the third largest contributor of troops towards UN peacekeeping efforts, behind India and Ethiopia.

Explanation

D-8 is the economic group of Nine Muslim countries.

The D-8 is an organization of nine Developed countries:

Short trick to learn D-8 BETii - MNP

1. Bangladesh
   
2. Egypt
3. Indonesia
4. Iran
5. Malaysia
6. Nigeria
7. Pakistan
8. Turkey
9. Azerbaijan

India is not a member of the D-8 

**

The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8

The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation Headquarters: İstanbul, Türkiye

D8 was Established in Istanbul in 1997.

The Founder of D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation: Necmettin Erbakan