Explanation

• A virion is the fully developed, infectious form of a virus capable of infecting a host.
• It contains genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid), sometimes with an envelope.
  

Additional information:

• Capsomere: Protein subunit of the capsid.
• Envelope: Lipid layer around some viruses.
• Prion: Infectious protein.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Ascorbic Acid is commonly known as Vitamin C.
• It is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
• Prevents scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency.

Additional information:

Sources of Vitamin C (5):

1. Orange
2. Lemon
3. Guava
4. Strawberry
5. Bell pepper

Functions:

• Antioxidant
• Collagen synthesis
• Strengthens immunity

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color vision deficiency.

It affects the ability to distinguish between red and green colors.

It is sex-linked, occurring mostly in males due to inheritance on the X chromosome.

There are two main types: protanopia (red deficiency) and deuteranopia (green deficiency).

Explanation

An epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly across a large number of people in a region or community.

Examples include influenza outbreaks or cholera outbreaks.

Endemic refers to a disease that is constantly present in a particular area.

Explanation

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the stomach lining.

It activates pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins.

HCl also kills harmful bacteria in food and creates an acidic environment.

Proper protein digestion is essential for amino acid absorption in the small intestine.

Explanation

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

It helps produce clotting factors in the liver.

Deficiency can cause excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.

It is found in green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and some fruits.

Vitamin K is especially important for newborns and people with liver disorders.

Explanation

Vitamin A supports skeletal growth in children.

It is essential for vision, especially in low light (prevents night blindness).

Maintains healthy epithelial tissues like skin, lungs, and mucous membranes.

It also supports immune function and overall cell growth.

Deficiency can lead to growth retardation, vision problems, and skin issues.

Explanation

H5N1 is a type of influenza virus

Causes a highly infectious

Also known as avian influenza.

Occurs mainly in birds, is highly contagious among birds, and can be deadly, especially in domestic poultry

Explanation

Wilhelm Johannsen coined the term “gene” in 1909

Johannsen created "gene" from the Greek word genos, meaning "birth" or "race".

He  was a Danish botanist and geneticist

 He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype, and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.

Born: 3 February 1857, Elsinore, Denmark

Died: 11 November 1927 (aged 70) Copenhagen, Denmark

Explanation

One barrel of petroleum is a standard unit of measurement in the oil industry.

It equals 42 US gallons, which is approximately 159 liters.

In cubic meters, it is roughly 0.159 m³.

The UK gallon is larger, so one barrel equals about 34.97 UK gallons.

This unit is used worldwide for oil production, trading, and pricing