Explanation

• Nutritive foods supply the body with necessary nutrients for growth, energy, and repair.
• They include all food groups that contribute to balanced nutrition.

Additional information:

• Cereals provide carbohydrates for energy.
• Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins and minerals.
• Meat provides proteins and iron for body-building.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called isomers.
• Isomers can have different chemical and physical properties despite having the same number of atoms.

• Additional information:
  • Example of isomers: C₂H₆O → Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and Dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃)
  • Isomerism is classified into structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Explanation

• Glycerin (glycerol) is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid.
• It is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.

Additional information:

• Glycerin is non-toxic and safe in small quantities.
• It acts as a humectant, helping retain moisture.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• Xerophytes are plants adapted to survive in dry or low-water environments.
• They have special features to reduce water loss and store water.

Additional information:

Examples of xerophytes:

• Cactus
• Aloe vera
• Date palm
• Acacia
• Euphorbia

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division.
• They are responsible for the growth of plants in length and thickness.

Additional information:

Types of meristems:

• Apical meristem – root & shoot tips
• Intercalary meristem – nodes & internodes
• Lateral meristem – increase in girth
• Root meristem – root growth
• Shoot meristem – shoot growth

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• In plants, carbohydrates are stored mainly in the form of starch.
• Starch serves as an energy reserve used during growth and development.

Additional information:

Storage forms in plants:

• Starch – main carbohydrate reserve
• Sucrose – transport form of carbohydrate
• Cellulose – structural carbohydrate
• Glycogen – storage carbohydrate in animals
• Glucose – immediate energy source

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Comets are small celestial bodies made of ice, dust, and rock.
• When they approach the Sun, they form bright tails of gas and dust.

• Often called “dirty snowballs” due to icy composition.
• Comets follow highly elliptical orbits around the Sun.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the sugar deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar.
• It forms the backbone of the DNA molecule along with phosphate groups.

Additional information:

• Sugars in nucleic acids:
• DNA – Deoxyribose
• RNA – Ribose
• Glucose – energy source in cells
• Fructose – sugar in fruits
• Galactose – sugar in milk

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Butterflies, moths, and honeybees help in transferring pollen from one flower to another, aiding in plant reproduction.
• They are essential for pollination of crops and wild plants.

Additional information:

• Pollination increases fruit and seed production.
• Honeybees are also important for honey production.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Carbon has a valency of 4, meaning it can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
• This property allows carbon to form complex organic compounds.
• It is the backbone of all organic molecules.

Additional information:

Examples of Carbon Compounds (5):

1. Methane (CH₄)
2. Ethane (C₂H₆)
3. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
4. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
5. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Last verified on 19-01-2026