SPSC 25 YEARS PAST PAPERS 2001 TO 2026
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
جب کسی شے میں بیرونی لاگت اور بیرونی فوائد دونوں شامل کیے جائیں تو اس کی توازنی قیمت پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟
The same, and its equilibrium quantity will be larger
Higher than it otherwise would have been
Lower than it otherwise would have been
None of the above
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
When both external costs and external benefits are included, we move from private to social equilibrium. External costs raise the true cost, while external benefits increase the true value of the good. Considering both effects leads to a higher socially efficient price compared to the market price. Thus, the equilibrium price becomes higher than before. Last verified on 23-04-2026
اگر کسی شے کے حاشیاتی سماجی فوائد اس کی حاشیاتی سماجی لاگت سے زیادہ ہوں تو کیا نتیجہ نکلتا ہے؟
Then its private benefits must also exceed its private costs
The government should subsidize its production
The Pareto-optimal quantity of the good exceeds the equilibrium quantity
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
When marginal social benefit (MSB) is greater than marginal social cost (MSC), society gains more from additional production . This indicates underproduction in the market due to positive externalities . The efficient (optimal) level of output should be higher than the current equilibrium. Thus, the Pareto-optimal quantity exceeds the equilibrium quantity. Last verified on 23-04-2026
تقابلی برتری کے نظریے کے مطابق بین الاقوامی تجارت سے فائدہ کب حاصل ہوتا ہے؟
If countries specialize in the production of goods in which they are relatively more efficient
If opportunity costs are the same in the countries involved
Only if both comparative and absolute advantages are present in both countries
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
The doctrine of comparative advantage explains gains from international trade. Proposed by David Ricardo , it states that countries should specialize in goods where they are relatively more efficient . Even if one country is better in all goods, trade is still beneficial. Specialization based on lower opportunity cost increases overall gains. Last verified on 23-04-2026
موثر ذریعۂ تبادلہ بننے کے لیے رقم میں درج ذیل میں سے کون سی خصوصیت ضروری نہیں ہے؟
Divisibility
General acceptability
Convertibility into precious metals
High value relative to its weight
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
For money to work efficiently as a medium of exchange, it must have qualities like divisibility, acceptability, and portability (high value per weight). These features make transactions easy and practical . However, convertibility into precious metals is not necessary in modern economies. Last verified on 23-04-2026
منڈی کے حجم کا اہم ترین تعین کنندہ کیا ہے؟
Monetary expansion
Productivity
Savings
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
The size of the market depends mainly on the level of productivity in an economy. Higher productivity increases output, income, and demand. This expands buying capacity and widens the market. Thus, productivity is the key factor determining market size. Last verified on 23-04-2026
اشیاء اور خدمات کا براہِ راست تبادلہ کس کہلاتا ہے؟
Non market trade
Primitive trade
Barter
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
The direct exchange of goods and services without using money is called barter . It is the oldest form of trade used before the invention of money . In this system, goods are exchanged for other goods directly. However, it suffers from problems like lack of double coincidence of wants . Last verified on 22-04-2026
لین دین کی ضرورت کے لیے رقم کی طلب موجودہ کس چیز کی سطح پر منحصر ہوتی ہے؟
Rate of interest
Profit
Income
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
In Keynesian Theory , people demand money for transactions (buying goods & services). This transaction motive depends mainly on the current level of income . Higher income → more spending → higher demand for money . Thus, income is the key determinant. Last verified on 23-04-2026
غربت کی لکیر کا تعین کس بنیاد پر کیا جاتا ہے؟
Housing and clothing facilities
Per Capita calories intake
Income of the family
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
The poverty line is the minimum level of income needed to meet basic needs. Traditionally, it is determined based on minimum calorie intake required for survival. This ensures individuals can afford essential food for healthy living. Hence, calorie intake is the standard measure in many countries . Last verified on 23-04-2026
بین الاقوامی تجارت کا بیک ورڈ ایفیکٹ کہاں واقع ہوتا ہے؟
Between two different areas of the same countries only
Between two different countries only
Both A and B
None of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
The backward effect of international trade refers to the impact of trade on less-developed or supplying regions. It can occur within a country (between regions) as well as between different countries . Trade may sometimes slow development in backward areas by drawing resources away . Thus, it is not limited to only one type of region. Last verified on 22-04-2026
درج ذیل میں سے کون سا ٹیکس نظام معاشی عدم مساوات کو کم کرتا ہے؟
Progressive tax
Regressive tax
Flat rate tax
All of these
اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں
Explanation
A progressive tax system taxes higher-income individuals at higher rates. It reduces income inequality by redistributing wealth from rich to poor . Lower-income groups pay less, while higher-income groups contribute more. Thus, it helps in reducing economic disparities in society. Last verified on 22-04-2026
