Explanation

Real gases show deviation from ideal behavior at low temperature and high pressure.

Due to increased intermolecular forces and reduced volume available for gas molecules, which contradicts the assumptions of ideal gas behavior.

Explanation

The correct option required for the maximum yield of ammonia by Haber’s process is high pressure, low temperature, continual removal of ammonia.

High pressure shifts the equilibrium towards ammonia production, while low temperature favors the exothermic reaction; continually removing ammonia drives the reaction further to the right, enhancing yield.

Explanation

Work done is equal to Effort x distance.

This is represented mathematically as 

W=F⋅d, where W is work, F is the force (or effort), and d is the distance over which the force is applied.

Explanation

The principle that states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will nullify the effect of the stress as far as possible is known as Le Chatelier's principle.

This principle helps predict how a change in conditions (like concentration, temperature, or pressure) will affect the position of equilibrium in a chemical reaction.

Explanation

The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ Js.

This constant is fundamental in quantum mechanics.

It relating the energy of a photon to its frequency.

Explanation

The centripetal acceleration of an object moving along a circle of radius 𝑟 with an angular speed 𝜔 is given by the formula 𝑎 = 𝑟 ⋅ 𝜔^2.

This formula indicates that the centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the radius and the square of the angular speed.

Explanation

• He takes after his father.
• Takes after means to look or act like an older family member.
• It shows a shared family trait, habit, or facial shape. 

Explanation

Statement I, which indicates that taxes on all businesses have increased, is likely to lead to Statement II, where many small businesses will have to close their operations due to the higher tax burden.

Explanation

Based on the statements:

• Since some tools are useless things and all useless things are trash, it follows that some tools must be trash.
• Conclusion I cannot be confirmed as we do not know if any hammers fall into the category of tools that are trash.
• Conclusion III is false because not all useless things are tools.

Thus, only II is necessarily true.

Explanation

• P is 2 (the smallest non-negative even number).
• Q is 9 (the largest odd number).
• R is 5.

So, (P + Q + R) = 2 + 9 + 5 = 16.