Explanation

Salts formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with a base or metal are called chlorides.

Example: 

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Explanation

The Contact process is a well-established industrial method for producing sulfuric acid.

Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide with the help of a catalyst, which then reacts with water to form sulfuric acid. 

Explanation

Industrial urea production uses ammonia and carbon dioxide under high pressure (~150–200 atm) and high temperature (~180–210°C).

These conditions favor the formation of urea efficiently.

Explanation

The triple point is the temperature and pressure where solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist in equilibrium.

For water, it occurs at 0.01°C and 0.006 atm.

Explanation

Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.

Boiling decomposes these bicarbonates, forming insoluble carbonates that can be removed.

Explanation

Biodegradation is the natural breakdown of substances by microorganisms.

It converts complex materials into simpler, environmentally safe products.

Explanation

Bases that dissolve in water to produce OH⁻ ions are called alkalis.

Examples: NaOH, KOH.

Explanation

Water can act as both an acid (donates H⁺) and a base (accepts H⁺).

This property makes it amphoteric.

Explanation

Gypsum’s chemical formula: CaSO₄·2H₂O.

It is a hydrated form of calcium sulfate, containing water of crystallization.

Explanation

Deaeration removes dissolved gases (mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide) from water.

It prevents corrosion in boilers and pipelines.