Explanation

• Ijtihad is an important concept in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh).
• It refers to using independent reasoning to derive Islamic rulings.
• It is used when clear guidance is not found in the Quran or Sunnah.
• Root word: J-H-D (effort / struggle).

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• In Islamic jurisprudence, actions are divided into different categories of obligations.
• Fard Ayn refers to duties that are compulsory for every individual Muslim.
• These obligations must be fulfilled by each person personally.
• Examples include Salah (prayer) and fasting in Ramadan.

Last verified on 12-05-2026

Explanation

• Qiyas (قياس) is the principle of analogical reasoning in Islamic jurisprudence.
• It involves using reasoning by analogy to derive a ruling or judgment in a particular case.
• It is based on a similar case or principle established in the Quran, Hadith, or previous juristic decisions.

Additional information:

1. Quran (the holy book of Islam)
2. Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad)
3. Ijma (consensus of the Muslim community)
4. Qiyas (analogical reasoning)

Last verified on 10-05-2026

Explanation

• Qiyas (قياس) is means Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
• To derive legal rulings, primarily accepted among Sunni schools of law.
• Components of Qiyas: To be valid, it requires four elements:
• Asl (Original Case): The case with an existing ruling in the Quran or Sunnah (e.g., prohibition of wine)
• Farʿ (New Case): The new case requiring a ruling (e.g., modern synthetic drugs).
• Illah (Effective Cause): The shared reason for the ruling (e.g., intoxication).
• Hukm (Ruling): The legal ruling (e.g., prohibition)

Last updated question NS on 09 MAY 2026

Explanation

• Islam teaches equal respect for all human beings.
• Human dignity is not based on race, status, or power.
• Justice and fairness are core Islamic principles.
• Respect is given universally without discrimination.
• Every human deserves dignity and ethical treatment.

Last verified on 09-05-2026