Explanation

• Eugene R. Black (President of the World Bank) brokered the Indus Waters Treaty on behalf of the World Bank.
• It was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), India is allowed to irrigate up to 1.34 million acres from the Western Rivers.
• Western Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Mediator: World Bank
• Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) are allocated to India.

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Delta mangrove forests are globally significant because they are the largest mangroves in an arid (dry) climate zone in the world.
• They are located along the coast of Sindh, Pakistan in the Indus River Delta.
• They survive in extremely low rainfall and high salinity conditions.
• They support marine biodiversity and coastal protection.

Last verified on 14-06-2026

Explanation

• Location: Kaghan Valley, Naran area
• District: Mansehra
• Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
• Distance from Naran: ~9 km north
• Nearby peak: Malika Parbat (highest in Kaghan Valley)

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Upper Swat Canal takes off from Amandara Headworks.
• It originates from the Swat River system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
• The canal was built to provide irrigation water to nearby agricultural lands.

Last verified on 12-06-2026