Explanation

• Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. 
• Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the human body.
• Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet. 
• Essential amino acids: Lysine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Phenylalanine, Histidine
• Glutamine is non-essential because the body can produce it.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed.
• They are mainly made of proteins.
• They are highly specific to their reactions.

Additional information:

• Some enzymes require cofactors like vitamins or metal ions to function.
• Examples: Amylase (breaks starch), Lipase (breaks fats), Protease (breaks proteins).

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Plants that have soft, green, non-woody stems and do not develop hard wood are called herbaceous plants.
• These plants usually live for one or a few years and include many vegetables, flowers, and grasses.
• Examples: Wheat, Sunflower, Spinach, Rose (herbaceous part), Marigold

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Some plants develop swollen underground stems to store food and ensure asexual propagation.
• These structures are known as tubers.
• It help the plant survive unfavorable conditions.

Additional information:

• Potato → most common tuber crop
• Yam → tropical tuber crop

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Root crops → crops where the edible part is the root or tuber, e.g., potato, carrot, turnip.
• Fiber crops → grown for fibre (e.g., cotton, flax).
• Sugar crops → grown for sugar (e.g., sugarcane, sugar beet).

Additional information:

• Potato → Solanum tuberosum
• Carrot → Daucus carota
• Turnip → Brassica rapa
• Radish → Raphanus sativus
• Sweet potato → Ipomoea batatas

Last verified on 11-02-2026