Analytical Reasoning Preparation

Topic: Logical Deduction, Evaluating Arguments, Pattern Recognition, Scenario-Based Problem Solving

 

Quick Tricks

If–then:
If A then B = A → B
Correct reverse is not guaranteed.
Example: If selected, then passed. Selected means passed. Passed does not always mean selected.

Only:
Only A are B = B → A
Example: Only trained staff can access files. Access file → trained staff.

Unless:
Unless A happens, B will not happen = B → A
Example: Unless fee is paid, admit card is not issued. Admit card issued → fee paid.

Some:
Some A are B does not mean all A are B.

No:
No A is B means A and B cannot overlap.

Tone-based argument words:
Always, never, must, only, certainly = strong/extreme words.
May, can, sometimes, likely = softer words.

Tricky options:
Avoid options that add new information, emotional claims, or extreme conclusions.

100 High-Probability MCQs

Difficulty: Q1–Q5 Easy, Q6–Q100 Hard

Logical Deduction MCQs

Q1. ★

All clerks are employees. All employees follow office rules. Therefore:

A. All clerks follow office rules
B. All employees are clerks
C. Some rules are clerks
D. No clerk follows rules

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
اگر تمام clerks employees ہیں اور تمام employees rules follow کرتے ہیں، تو لازمی طور پر clerks بھی rules follow کریں گے۔ یہ direct syllogism ہے۔

Q2. ★

Some books are files. All files are documents. Which conclusion follows?

A. All books are documents
B. Some books are documents
C. No document is a book
D. Some files are not documents

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
کچھ books files ہیں، اور ہر file document ہے، اس لیے وہ کچھ books جو files ہیں، documents بھی ہوں گی۔

Q3. ★

No honest person accepts a bribe. Ali is honest. What follows?

A. Ali may accept a bribe
B. Ali is not honest
C. Ali does not accept a bribe
D. All honest people are officers

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Rule کہتا ہے honest person bribe accept نہیں کرتا۔ Ali honest ہے، اس لیے Ali bribe accept نہیں کرے گا۔

Q4. ★

Only registered candidates can enter the test hall. Sara entered the test hall. What must be true?

A. Sara is unregistered
B. Sara is registered
C. All registered candidates entered
D. Sara topped the test

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
“Only registered candidates” کا مطلب ہے جو enter کرے گا وہ registered ہوگا۔ اس لیے Sara registered ہے۔

Q5. ★

Unless the form is submitted, the application is not accepted. The application was accepted. What follows?

A. Form was rejected
B. Form was incomplete
C. Form was not submitted
D. Form was submitted

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
Unless rule میں accepted ہونے کے لیے form submit ہونا ضروری ہے۔ Application accept ہوئی، اس لیے form submit ہوا۔

Q6. ★

If a candidate clears screening, he is called for verification. Some candidates called for verification are not finally selected. Which is definitely true?

A. Some screened candidates are not finally selected
B. All verified candidates clear screening
C. A candidate who clears screening is called for verification
D. No finally selected candidate was verified

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Statement میں direct rule ہے: screening clear → verification call۔ باقی options extra information یا reverse logic ہیں۔

Q7. ★

All A are B. Some B are C. No C is D. Which conclusion must follow?

A. Some A are C
B. No B is D
C. Some B are not D
D. All C are A

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Some B are C اور No C is D، اس لیے وہ B جو C ہیں، D نہیں ہو سکتے۔ لہٰذا some B are not D لازمی ہے۔

Q8.

Only people with permission can open the archive. Noman opened the archive. Which statement follows?

A. Noman may or may not have permission
B. Noman has permission
C. Everyone with permission opened archive
D. No one opened archive

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
“Only people with permission” کا logic ہے: open archive → permission۔ Noman نے open کیا، اس لیے permission ہے۔

Q9. ★

If the server is down, online test cannot start. The online test started. What can be concluded?

A. Server was down
B. Server was not down
C. Test was cancelled
D. Internet was slow

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Rule: server down → test not start۔ Test start ہو گیا، تو server down نہیں تھا۔ یہ contrapositive ہے۔

Q10.

All efficient workers meet deadlines. Some deadline-meeters are not promoted. Which is valid?

A. Some efficient workers are not promoted
B. All promoted workers are efficient
C. Efficient workers meet deadlines
D. No efficient worker is promoted

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
صرف یہی direct statement لازمی ہے کہ efficient workers deadlines meet کرتے ہیں۔ Promotion والا part deadline-meeters کے بارے میں ہے، efficient workers کے بارے میں لازمی نہیں۔

Q11. ★

No digital record is handwritten. Some reports are handwritten. Which follows?

A. Some reports are not digital records
B. All reports are digital records
C. Some digital records are handwritten
D. No report is handwritten

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
اگر handwritten چیز digital record نہیں ہو سکتی، اور کچھ reports handwritten ہیں، تو وہ reports digital records نہیں ہوں گی۔

Q12.

If a file is confidential, it is password-protected. This file is not password-protected. What follows?

A. File is confidential
B. File may be confidential
C. File is not confidential
D. File is deleted

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Confidential → password-protected۔ Password-protected نہیں، تو confidential بھی نہیں۔ یہ valid contrapositive ہے۔

Q13. ★

All planners are systematic. No careless person is systematic. Which conclusion follows?

A. No planner is careless
B. All careless people are planners
C. Some planners are careless
D. No systematic person is planner

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Planner systematic ہے، اور careless systematic نہیں ہو سکتا۔ اس لیے planner careless نہیں ہو سکتا۔

Q14.

Some tablets are devices. All devices need charging. Which conclusion is valid?

A. All tablets need charging
B. Some tablets need charging
C. No tablet needs charging
D. All charging items are tablets

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
جو tablets devices ہیں وہ charging need کریں گی۔ اس لیے “some tablets need charging” درست ہے۔

Q15.

Only applicants who pay fee receive roll numbers. Hina did not pay fee. Which follows?

A. Hina received roll number
B. Hina did not receive roll number
C. All fee-payers receive roll number
D. Hina passed the paper

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Receive roll number → fee paid۔ Fee paid نہیں، تو roll number receive نہیں ہوگا۔

Evaluating Arguments MCQs

Q16. ★

Statement: “Online exams should include a timer because it improves time management.”
Which assumption is required?

A. All students dislike timers
B. Time management is important in exams
C. Timers always reduce cheating
D. Online exams are easier than paper exams

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Argument timer کو اس لیے support کر رہا ہے کیونکہ time management بہتر ہوتی ہے۔ Hidden assumption یہی ہے کہ time management exam میں important ہے۔

Q17. ★

Argument: “The library should remain open longer because many students study after office hours.”
Which option strengthens the argument?

A. Some students never visit library
B. Library staff want shorter shifts
C. Evening library attendance is high
D. Books are available online

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
اگر evening attendance high ہے تو longer hours کی need مضبوط ہو جاتی ہے۔ یہ direct support ہے۔

Q18.

Argument: “All applicants should take a typing test because the job involves computer work.”
Which weakens the argument?

A. Computer work in this job rarely requires typing speed
B. Typing tests are conducted on computers
C. Applicants know basic computer use
D. Typing is a useful office skill

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
اگر job میں typing speed rarely required ہے تو typing test لازمی کرنے کی وجہ کمزور ہو جاتی ہے۔

Q19. ★

Statement: “Because Ahmed scored high in one mock test, he will definitely top the final exam.”
Main flaw?

A. It uses too much evidence
B. It confuses one result with guaranteed future performance
C. It compares two equal things
D. It gives no conclusion

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
ایک mock test کا high score final exam top کرنے کی guarantee نہیں۔ یہ overgeneralization ہے۔

Q20.

Argument: “This preparation book is the best because many candidates bought it.”
Which is the biggest weakness?

A. Popularity does not prove quality
B. Candidates buy books before exams
C. Books contain pages
D. Preparation needs practice

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
زیادہ sale ہونا quality کا لازمی proof نہیں۔ یہ popularity fallacy ہے۔

Q21. ★

Conclusion: “The new attendance system reduced absenteeism.”
Which evidence best supports it?

A. Absenteeism decreased after the system was introduced
B. Students dislike attendance
C. Attendance systems are digital
D. Teachers prefer discipline

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Direct before-after result conclusion کو support کرتا ہے۔ باقی options general ہیں۔

Q22.

Argument: “The city should build more parks because parks improve public health.”
Which assumption is necessary?

A. Public health is not important
B. More parks will be used by people
C. All parks are expensive
D. Parks reduce internet speed

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Health improvement تب ہوگا جب لوگ parks use کریں۔ یہ hidden assumption ہے۔

Q23.

Which option is an example of a strong argument?

A. We should ban books because some people dislike reading
B. We should improve road safety because accident data shows frequent crashes
C. We should cancel exams because exams are boring
D. We should choose him because he is famous

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Strong argument evidence/data پر based ہوتا ہے، emotion یا popularity پر نہیں۔

Q24. ★

Argument: “Since one candidate solved all questions quickly, the paper was easy for everyone.”
Flaw?

A. False cause
B. Hasty generalization
C. Circular reasoning
D. Strong evidence

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
ایک candidate کی performance سے سب کے لیے paper easy ثابت نہیں ہوتا۔ یہ hasty generalization ہے۔

Q25.

Which option weakens this claim: “Daily practice always improves reasoning scores”?

A. Practice improves familiarity with question types
B. Some students practice daily but repeat the same mistakes without correction
C. Reasoning has patterns
D. Timed practice helps speed

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
اگر daily practice غلط طریقے سے ہو تو score improve نہیں ہوگا۔ “Always” word کمزور ہو گیا۔

Q26. ★

A conclusion is valid when it:

A. Sounds impressive
B. Is emotionally powerful
C. Follows logically from given evidence
D. Uses difficult vocabulary

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Logical conclusion evidence سے نکلتا ہے، difficult words یا emotion سے نہیں۔

Q27.

Argument: “This app should be used in exams because it is modern.”
Weakness?

A. Modernity alone does not prove usefulness
B. Apps are digital
C. Exams require candidates
D. Modern tools exist

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Modern ہونا کافی reason نہیں جب تک usefulness, accuracy, security ثابت نہ ہو۔

Q28.

Which statement is an assumption?

A. A clearly stated fact
B. A hidden idea needed for the conclusion
C. A repeated word
D. A numerical pattern

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Assumption وہ بات ہوتی ہے جو directly نہ لکھی ہو لیکن argument کو چلانے کے لیے ضروری ہو۔

Q29.

Argument: “The new training program is effective because participants scored higher after attending it.”
Which question is most important?

A. Were the participants already stronger before training?
B. Was the room air-conditioned?
C. Was the program name attractive?
D. Did participants like tea?

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
اگر participants پہلے ہی strong تھے تو score improvement training کی وجہ سے ثابت نہیں ہوگا۔ Alternate cause check کرنا ضروری ہے۔

Q30. ★

Which is the best way to weaken a cause-effect argument?

A. Add emotional language
B. Show an alternative cause
C. Repeat the conclusion
D. Use a longer option

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Cause-effect کو weak کرنے کا fastest طریقہ alternate cause دکھانا ہے۔

Q31.

Statement: “No serious candidate skips revision.”
Which option matches this logic?

A. If candidate is serious, candidate does not skip revision
B. If candidate revises, candidate must be serious
C. All revisers pass
D. No candidate studies

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Serious candidate → does not skip revision۔ Reverse لازمی نہیں۔

Q32.

Argument: “This rule should continue because it has existed for 20 years.”
Main weakness?

A. Old practice is always wrong
B. Length of existence alone does not prove value
C. Rules cannot change
D. 20 years is short

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
کوئی rule پرانا ہے، اس سے یہ prove نہیں ہوتا کہ وہ effective بھی ہے۔

Q33. ★

Which option is most likely an irrelevant detail in an argument?

A. Evidence directly supporting conclusion
B. Data connected to the claim
C. A fact that sounds interesting but does not affect the conclusion
D. A necessary assumption

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Irrelevant detail وہ ہوتی ہے جو interesting ہو سکتی ہے مگر conclusion کو support یا weaken نہیں کرتی۔

Q34.

Argument: “Ali is hardworking because he is hardworking.”
This is:

A. Analogy
B. Circular reasoning
C. Statistical proof
D. Pattern recognition

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Same بات کو reason اور conclusion دونوں بنا دیا گیا۔ یہ circular reasoning ہے۔

Q35.

Which word usually makes an option risky in reasoning MCQs?

A. Sometimes
B. May
C. Often
D. Always

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
“Always” extreme word ہے۔ Reasoning میں extreme options اکثر غلط ہوتے ہیں جب تک statement clearly support نہ کرے۔

Pattern Recognition MCQs

Q36. ★

Find the next number: 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?

A. 95
B. 126
C. 127
D. 129

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 +1۔ 3→7, 7→15, 15→31, 31→63, 63×2+1=127۔

Q37. ★

Find the next number: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?

A. 40
B. 42
C. 44
D. 46

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Difference: +4, +6, +8, +10, next +12۔ 30+12=42۔

Q38.

Find the missing number: 5, 11, 23, 47, ?

A. 95
B. 96
C. 97
D. 98

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 +1۔ 5→11, 11→23, 23→47, 47×2+1=95۔

Q39. ★

Find the next term: A, C, F, J, O, ?

A. T
B. U
C. V
D. W

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Alphabet positions: 1,3,6,10,15۔ Differences +2,+3,+4,+5، next +6 = 21 = U۔

Q40.

Find the odd one out:

A. 64
B. 125
C. 216
D. 342

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
64=4³، 125=5³، 216=6³۔ 342 perfect cube نہیں ہے۔

Q41. ★

Find the next number: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

A. 30
B. 36
C. 40
D. 49

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
یہ square numbers ہیں: 1², 2², 3², 4², 5²، next 6²=36۔

Q42.

Find the next number: 81, 64, 49, 36, ?

A. 25
B. 27
C. 30
D. 32

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Descending squares: 9², 8², 7², 6²، next 5²=25۔

Q43. ★

Find the missing term: B, D, G, K, P, ?

A. U
B. V
C. W
D. X

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Positions: 2,4,7,11,16۔ Difference +2,+3,+4,+5، next +6 = 22 = V۔

Q44.

Find the next number: 4, 9, 19, 39, 79, ?

A. 119
B. 139
C. 159
D. 179

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 +1۔ 4→9، 9→19، 19→39، 39→79، 79×2+1=159۔

Q45.

Find the next number: 7, 10, 16, 28, 52, ?

A. 80
B. 90
C. 96
D. 100

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
Differences: +3,+6,+12,+24، next +48۔ 52+48=100۔

Q46. ★

Find the next term: Z, X, U, Q, L, ?

A. F
B. G
C. H
D. I

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Backward differences: -2, -3, -4, -5، next -6۔ L سے 6 پیچھے F۔

Q47.

Find the odd one out:

A. 121
B. 144
C. 169
D. 190

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
121=11²، 144=12²، 169=13²۔ 190 square نہیں ہے۔

Q48. ★

Find the next number: 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ?

A. 18
B. 20
C. 21
D. 23

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Fibonacci pattern ہے: ہر number پچھلے دو numbers کا sum۔ 8+13=21۔

Q49.

Find the next number: 6, 13, 27, 55, ?

A. 109
B. 110
C. 111
D. 112

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 +1۔ 6→13، 13→27، 27→55، 55×2+1=111۔

Q50.

Find the next number: 100, 96, 88, 76, 60, ?

A. 42
B. 44
C. 40
D. 48

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Differences: -4,-8,-12,-16، next -20۔ 60-20=40۔

Q51. ★

Find the missing number: 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ?

A. 36
B. 38
C. 40
D. 42

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Differences: +3,+5,+7,+9، next +11۔ 27+11=38۔

Q52.

If CAT = DBU, then DOG = ?

A. EPH
B. FPH
C. EPI
D. ENH

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
ہر letter ایک آگے: C→D، A→B، T→U۔ DOG → EPH۔

Q53. ★

If PAPER = QBQFS, then TABLE = ?

A. UBCMF
B. UBCNF
C. UACMF
D. VBCMF

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
ہر letter +1۔ T→U، A→B، B→C، L→M، E→F۔ TABLE = UBCMF۔

Q54.

If 4 = 20, 5 = 30, 6 = 42, then 7 = ?

A. 48
B. 52
C. 56
D. 58

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern n × (n+1): 4×5=20، 5×6=30، 6×7=42، 7×8=56۔

Q55.

Find the next number: 1, 8, 27, 64, ?

A. 81
B. 100
C. 125
D. 216

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Cubes: 1³, 2³, 3³, 4³، next 5³=125۔

Scenario-Based Problem Solving MCQs

Q56. ★

Five students A, B, C, D, E sit in a row. A is left of B. C is right of B. D is left of A. E is right of C. Who is in the middle?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Order بنتا ہے D-A-B-C-E۔ درمیان میں B ہے۔

Q57.

In a line, P is taller than Q. R is taller than P. S is shorter than Q. Who is tallest?

A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
R > P > Q > S۔ سب سے tallest R ہے۔

Q58. ★

A task has 3 steps: verify, approve, dispatch. Dispatch cannot happen before approval. Approval cannot happen before verification. Which order is valid?

A. Approve → Verify → Dispatch
B. Dispatch → Approve → Verify
C. Verify → Approve → Dispatch
D. Verify → Dispatch → Approve

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Verification پہلے، پھر approval، پھر dispatch۔ یہی required sequence ہے۔

Q59.

Four files A, B, C, D are arranged. A is before C. B is after C. D is before A. Which file is first?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
D before A، A before C، C before B۔ Order: D-A-C-B۔ First D ہے۔

Q60. ★

A candidate must pass English and Reasoning to qualify. Ali passed English but failed Reasoning. What is the result?

A. Qualified
B. Not qualified
C. Qualified only if English score is high
D. Result cannot be decided

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Qualification کے لیے دونوں subjects pass کرنا شرط ہے۔ Reasoning fail ہے، اس لیے qualified نہیں۔

Q61.

Three switches control three lights. Switch A controls red or blue, B controls green, C does not control red. If A controls blue, what does C control?

A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Cannot be determined

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
B green ہے۔ A blue ہے۔ باقی red C کے پاس جائے گا۔

Q62.

A meeting is held after lunch but before tea. Lunch is at 1 pm and tea is at 4 pm. Which time is possible?

A. 12:30 pm
B. 1:00 pm
C. 2:30 pm
D. 4:30 pm

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Meeting lunch کے بعد اور tea سے پہلے ہے۔ 2:30 pm اس condition کو satisfy کرتا ہے۔

Q63. ★

If X is selected, Y must be selected. If Y is selected, Z cannot be selected. X is selected. What follows?

A. Z is selected
B. Y is not selected
C. Y is selected and Z is not selected
D. X is not selected

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
X → Y، اور Y → not Z۔ X selected ہے، اس لیے Y selected اور Z not selected۔

Q64.

A file can be processed only if it is complete and signed. File F is complete but unsigned. What follows?

A. It can be processed
B. It cannot be processed
C. It must be approved
D. It is confidential

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Process کے لیے complete + signed دونوں ضروری ہیں۔ Signed نہیں، اس لیے process نہیں ہو سکتی۔

Q65.

In a queue, A is ahead of B. C is behind B. D is ahead of A. Who is last among these four?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
D-A-B-C order بنتا ہے۔ Last C ہے۔

Q66. ★

A person can enter the lab if he has ID card or supervisor permission. Bilal has no ID card but has supervisor permission. Can he enter?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only if he has both
D. Cannot be determined

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
شرط “ID card OR permission” ہے۔ OR میں ایک condition کافی ہوتی ہے۔ Permission موجود ہے، enter کر سکتا ہے۔

Q67.

A candidate is rejected if documents are incomplete or fee is unpaid. Sana’s documents are complete and fee is paid. What follows?

A. Sana must be rejected
B. Sana is not rejected for these two reasons
C. Sana failed the test
D. Sana has incomplete documents

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Rejection کی دونوں stated reasons موجود نہیں۔ اس لیے ان وجوہات کی بنیاد پر reject نہیں ہوگی۔

Q68.

Four people sit around a table. A is opposite B. C is not next to A. Who is opposite C?

A. A
B. B
C. Cannot be determined
D. D

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
4-person table میں اگر A opposite B ہیں، تو remaining C اور D opposite ہوں گے؟ Wait—C not next to A means C must be opposite A. اس لیے opposite C = A۔

Q69. ★

If Monday’s task is delayed, Tuesday’s task shifts to Wednesday. Monday’s task was delayed. What follows?

A. Tuesday’s task shifts to Wednesday
B. Tuesday’s task is cancelled
C. Wednesday has no task
D. Monday’s task was completed early

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Direct condition ہے: Monday delayed → Tuesday task Wednesday shift۔ Monday delayed ہے، result A ہے۔

Q70.

A box contains red, blue, and green pens. If a pen is not red and not blue, what must it be?

A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Black

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Box میں صرف تین colors ہیں۔ Red اور blue نہیں، تو لازمی green ہے۔

Mixed Logical Deduction + Argument MCQs

Q71. ★

Statement: All valid passwords contain a number. This password contains no number. Which conclusion follows?

A. Password is invalid
B. Password is valid
C. All invalid passwords contain no number
D. Password belongs to admin

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Valid → number۔ Number نہیں، تو valid نہیں۔ یہ contrapositive ہے۔

Q72.

Argument: “The test center should add more computers because many candidates waited for available systems.”
Which strengthens it?

A. Waiting happened because candidates arrived late
B. Many computers were unused
C. Waiting time was caused by shortage of working computers
D. Candidates like computers

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
اگر waiting واقعی computer shortage کی وجہ سے ہوئی تو more computers کی demand strong ہو جاتی ہے۔

Q73.

Which conclusion is safest from: “Most candidates who practiced daily improved their speed”?

A. Daily practice may improve speed for many candidates
B. Daily practice guarantees selection
C. No candidate improves without practice
D. All candidates improved equally

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
“Most” سے soft conclusion بنتا ہے، guarantee نہیں۔ “May improve for many” safest ہے۔

Q74. ★

No A is B. All C are A. Which conclusion follows?

A. Some C are B
B. All B are C
C. No C is B
D. Some B are A

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
C سارے A ہیں، اور A میں کوئی B نہیں۔ اس لیے C بھی B نہیں ہو سکتے۔

Q75.

Argument: “Because the first question was difficult, the whole paper must have been difficult.”
Flaw?

A. Circular reasoning
B. Hasty generalization
C. Strong analogy
D. Valid deduction

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
ایک question کی difficulty سے پورا paper difficult ثابت نہیں ہوتا۔

Q76.

All secure systems require authentication. Some authenticated systems are slow. Which follows?

A. All secure systems are slow
B. Some slow systems are secure
C. Secure systems require authentication
D. No authenticated system is secure

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Direct rule یہی ہے کہ secure systems authentication require کرتے ہیں۔ Slow والا حصہ secure systems پر لازمی apply نہیں ہوتا۔

Q77. ★

Which option best identifies an assumption in this argument?
“Candidates should practice on computer screens because the exam is computer-based.”

A. Computer-screen practice helps candidates adjust to CBT format
B. All candidates own laptops
C. Paper exams are outdated
D. CBT exams are always easy

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Argument کا hidden link یہ ہے کہ screen practice CBT میں adjustment improve کرے گی۔

Q78.

If every rejected form has an error, and Form X has no error, then:

A. Form X is rejected
B. Form X is not rejected
C. Form X is approved
D. Form X is pending

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Rejected → error۔ Error نہیں، تو rejected نہیں۔ Approval لازمی نہیں، صرف not rejected۔

Q79.

Which weakens the claim: “Candidates who sleep less perform better because they study more”?

A. Sleep loss reduces concentration during the test
B. Study time can affect preparation
C. Some candidates study at night
D. Performance matters in exams

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
اگر sleep loss concentration کم کرتا ہے تو less sleep = better performance claim weak ہو جاتا ہے۔

Q80. ★

Only verified accounts can submit applications. An account submitted an application. What follows?

A. It was verified
B. It was unverified
C. It failed verification
D. It was deleted

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Submit application → verified account۔ یہ “only” rule کا direct use ہے۔

Advanced Pattern + Scenario MCQs

Q81.

Find the next number: 10, 21, 43, 87, ?

A. 173
B. 174
C. 175
D. 176

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 +1۔ 10→21، 21→43، 43→87، 87×2+1=175۔

Q82. ★

Find the next number: 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, ?

A. 93
B. 94
C. 95
D. 96

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
×2 +1 pattern۔ 47×2+1=95۔

Q83.

Find the next term: C, F, J, O, U, ?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Positions: 3,6,10,15,21۔ Differences +3,+4,+5,+6، next +7 = 28۔ Alphabet cycle میں 28 = B۔

Q84.

Find the odd one out:

A. 8
B. 27
C. 64
D. 100

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
8=2³، 27=3³، 64=4³۔ 100 cube نہیں ہے۔

Q85. ★

In code, if ACE = 135, then BDF = ?

A. 246
B. 257
C. 356
D. 468

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Letters کی positions: A=1، C=3، E=5۔ اس لیے BDF = 2,4,6۔

Q86.

Find the next number: 5, 9, 17, 33, 65, ?

A. 120
B. 127
C. 129
D. 131

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
Pattern: ×2 -1۔ 5→9، 9→17، 17→33، 33→65، 65×2-1=129۔

Q87.

Find the next number: 12, 17, 24, 33, 44, ?

A. 55
B. 57
C. 59
D. 61

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Differences: +5,+7,+9,+11، next +13۔ 44+13=57۔

Q88. ★

A, B, C, D are scheduled Monday to Thursday. A is not on Monday. B is after C. D is before A. Which schedule is possible?

A. C, B, D, A
B. D, A, C, B
C. C, D, A, B
D. B, C, D, A

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
C-D-A-B میں A Monday نہیں، B after C ہے، D before A ہے۔ سب conditions satisfy ہوتی ہیں۔

Q89.

If no incomplete file is approved, and File K is approved, then:

A. File K is incomplete
B. File K is not incomplete
C. File K is rejected
D. File K has no pages

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Incomplete → not approved۔ Approved ہے، تو incomplete نہیں ہو سکتی۔

Q90.

A rule says: select P only if Q is selected. P is selected. What follows?

A. Q is not selected
B. Q is selected
C. P is rejected
D. Q is rejected

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
“P only if Q” کا مطلب P → Q۔ P selected ہے، اس لیے Q selected ہے۔

Q91. ★

Argument: “Since two successful candidates used the same notes, those notes guarantee success.”
Flaw?

A. Weak sample and guarantee claim
B. Strong evidence
C. Valid mathematical proof
D. No conclusion

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
صرف دو candidates کا example guarantee نہیں بن سکتا۔ Sample small ہے اور claim extreme ہے۔

Q92.

Find the missing number: 14, 28, 56, 112, ?

A. 214
B. 220
C. 224
D. 228

Correct Answer: C

Logic:
ہر number double ہو رہا ہے۔ 112×2=224۔

Q93.

Which option is a valid conclusion?
Some officers are graduates. All graduates can apply.

A. Some officers can apply
B. All officers can apply
C. No officer can apply
D. All applicants are officers

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
جو officers graduates ہیں، وہ apply کر سکتے ہیں۔ اس لیے some officers can apply۔

Q94. ★

Which best strengthens: “Mock tests improve CBT performance”?

A. Candidates who took timed mock tests made fewer time-management errors
B. Some candidates dislike mock tests
C. CBT uses computers
D. Performance depends on luck only

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Timed mock tests کے بعد fewer errors direct evidence ہے کہ CBT performance improve ہو سکتی ہے۔

Q95.

Find the next number: 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, ?

A. 240
B. 360
C. 600
D. 720

Correct Answer: D

Logic:
Factorial pattern: 1!, 2!, 3!, 4!, 5!، next 6! = 720۔

Q96.

If all blue cards are valid and no valid card is expired, then:

A. Some expired cards are blue
B. No blue card is expired
C. All expired cards are blue
D. Some blue cards are invalid

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Blue → valid، اور valid → not expired۔ لہٰذا blue → not expired۔

Q97. ★

A candidate can attempt Section B only after completing Section A. Zain attempted Section B. What follows?

A. Zain completed Section A
B. Zain skipped Section A
C. Zain failed Section B
D. Zain did not start exam

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Section B attempt کرنے کی necessary condition Section A completion ہے۔ B attempt کیا، تو A complete کیا۔

Q98.

Find the next term: M, N, P, S, W, ?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
Positions: 13,14,16,19,23۔ Difference +1,+2,+3,+4، next +5 = 28۔ Alphabet cycle میں 28 = B۔

Q99.

Argument: “This method is correct because everyone in the group agrees with it.”
Weakness?

A. Agreement alone does not prove correctness
B. Groups never agree
C. Correct methods are always unpopular
D. Everyone means one person

Correct Answer: A

Logic:
Group agreement proof نہیں ہوتا۔ Evidence، logic، اور result چاہیے۔

Q100. ★

Which statement is logically equivalent to: “If the candidate is eligible, he can apply”?

A. If he can apply, he is eligible
B. If he cannot apply, he is not eligible
C. If he is not eligible, he can apply
D. If he is eligible, he cannot apply

Correct Answer: B

Logic:
If P then Q کا equivalent contrapositive ہے: If not Q then not P۔ Eligible → apply، تو cannot apply → not eligible۔

6. Best Preparation Strategy for This Topic Only

Day 1: All/some/no + if-then + only/unless rules
Day 2: 50 syllogism and deduction MCQs
Day 3: 50 evaluating argument MCQs
Day 4: 50 pattern recognition MCQs
Day 5: Scenario-based seating/order/condition questions
Day 6: Mixed timed practice, 60 seconds per MCQ
Day 7: Revise mistakes only, not full theory

Best method:
Practice with timer. After every wrong MCQ, write the rule: “Reverse غلط تھا,” “Some کو all سمجھا,” “Extreme word trap,” etc.

7. Common Mistakes Students Make

Mistake	Avoidance Tip
“Some” کو “All” سمجھنا	Some means only at least one
Reverse logic کرنا	If A→B does not mean B→A
“Only” کا rule غلط لگانا	Only A are B = B→A
Unless سے confuse ہونا	Unless A, not B = B→A
Emotional argument choose کرنا	Evidence-based option choose کریں
Extreme words choose کرنا	Always/never/must carefully check کریں
Pattern میں جلدی کرنا	Difference, multiplication, square, cube check کریں
Long option کو correct سمجھنا	Length نہیں، logic دیکھیں
Scenario میں diagram نہ بنانا	Quick row/order diagram لازمی بنائیں
“May be true” کو “must be true” سمجھنا	Must be true only from given data

8. Final Revision Notes

·        If A → B, then not B → not A.

·        “Only A are B” means B → A.

·        “Unless A, B not” means B → A.

·        Some means at least one, not all.

·        No A is B means zero overlap.

·        Strong argument = evidence + relevant logic.

·        Weak argument = emotion, popularity, small sample, false cause.

·        Pattern first check: difference, double, square, cube, alphabet position.

·        Scenario questions: draw order quickly.

·        In CBT, do not spend more than 60–75 seconds on one reasoning MCQ.

 

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