Explanation

In 2025, Saudi Arabia, a Gulf country, signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement with Pakistan, marking a significant defence pact in the region. 

The pact commits both nations to treat an attack on one as an attack on both, strengthening Gulf security ties as power balances shift.

Explanation

Egypt became a full member of the BRICS group on January 1, 2024, along with Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates.

The expansion was decided during the 2023 BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Explanation

In April 2025, eight Pakistani nationals were killed in southeastern Iran's Sistan-Baluchestan province. 

The men, who worked as car repair technicians, were shot dead by unidentified gunmen in Mehrestan County on April 12, 2025.

The attack was later claimed by the Baloch National Army (BNA), a separatist group operating in the region.

Explanation

About UN Ocean Conference 2025

Jointly co-hosted by France & Costa Rica

Additional Information:

The international meet will bring together global leaders, scientists, and policymakers to discuss sustainable ocean governance

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Explanation

Begum Khaleda Zia was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the prime minister of Bangladesh from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. She was the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and the second female prime minister in the Muslim world after Benazir Bhutto.

Born: 15 August 1945

Died: 30 December 2025

Aged: 80

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Explanation

About ASEAN Summit 2025

Edition: 46th

Venue: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Theme 2025: Inclusivity and Sustainability

Additional Information:

ASEAN stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

It is a regional group that promotes political, economic, and security cooperation.

It was established in 1967.

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Explanation

About ASEAN Summit 2025

Edition: 46th

Venue: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Theme 2025: Inclusivity and Sustainability

Additional Information:

ASEAN stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

It is a regional group that promotes political, economic, and security cooperation.

It was established in 1967.

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Explanation

China launched live-fire drills developing 89 aircraft and 28 vessels around Taiwan, code named ‘Justice Mission 2025’.

Launched on 29 December 2025.

Objectives: Simulate a maritime blockade and counter external interference.

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Explanation

China launched live-fire drills developing 89 aircraft and 28 vessels around Taiwan, code named ‘Justice Mission 2025’.

Launched on 29 December 2025.

Objectives: Simulate a maritime blockade and counter external interference.

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Explanation

China launched live-fire drills developing 89 aircraft and 28 vessels around Taiwan, code named ‘Justice Mission 2025’.

Launched on 29 December 2025.

Objectives: Simulate a maritime blockade and counter external interference.

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