Explanation

• Vitamin A (specifically, retinal) is necessary for the formation of rhodopsin, a light-sensitive pigment in the retina of the eye.
• Rhodopsin is responsible for black-and-white vision and is found in the rod cells of the retina.
• Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, a condition where people have difficulty seeing in low light environments.

Explanation

Retinal, a form of Vitamin A, plays a dual role:

• Hormone: Regulates gene transcription, cell differentiation, and embryonic development
• Visual pigment: Component of rhodopsin, responsible for low-light vision and color vision

Explanation

• Vitamin A poisoning, also known as hypervitaminosis A, can occur when an individual consumes excessive amounts of vitamin A. The liver of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is particularly high in vitamin A, and eating it can lead to acute vitamin A poisoning.
• Polar bear liver can contain up to 30,000 IU of vitamin A per gram, which is significantly higher than the recommended daily intake. Consuming even small amounts of polar bear liver can lead to toxic levels of vitamin A in the body, causing symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and even death in severe cases.

Explanation

• Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a derivative of Coenzyme A (CoA).
• The main functions of CoA is the activation and transfer of acyl groups, which involves the reactive sulfhydryl group through the formation of thioester linkages with acyl groups.
• Retinol and Retinoic acid are associated with vitamin A.
• Pyridoxine is associated with vitamin B6.

Explanation

Ricket is a disease of bones

Osteomalacia is caused due to deficiency of  Vitamin D

Explanation

Vitamin B9, also called folate or folic acid, is one of 8 B vitamins. 

it is also known as pteroylglutamic acid.

it is used to cure some diseases like anemia

it is a water-soluble vitamin.

Additional information:

Explanation

Food products like dairy products, pulses and beans, meat, fish and eggs are rich in proteins.

Tomatoes are rich sources of vitamin C.

Explanation

One of the early signs of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness (nyctalopia).

while

Vitamin K deficiency leads to uncontrolled bleeding during an injury

A deficiency of Vitamin D results in Rickets

Explanation

Fats has the highest calorific value.

Explanation

Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.

The Vitamin B complex refers to all of the known essential water-soluble vitamins except for vitamin C