Explanation

The Sindh government announced the implementation of a modern "watermarking system" on exam papers to curb cheating, prevent paper leaks, and trace culprits in 2026.

The watermarking system allows officials to immediately identify the source of leaked papers.

Additional Information:  

The system will be applied to matriculation (9th/10th) and intermediate (11th/12th) examinations scheduled to start in April 2026 across various boards in Sindh.

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Explanation

• The Battle of Miani was fought on 17 February 1843.
• It was between the British East India Company and the Talpur rulers of Sindh.
• Sir Charles Napier led the British army and defeated the Talpurs.
• It leading to the annexation of Sindh.

Last verified on 14-03-2026

Explanation

• Potohar Plateau is a plateau in northern Punjab, Pakistan.
• It is known for its undulating terrain and archaeological sites.
• It is situated between the rivers Sindh (Indus) and Jhelum.
• It is forming a natural plateau region.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• The British conquered Sindh in 1843 after their victory in the Battle of Miani.
• The annexation of Sindh to British India was formalized through the signing of the Treaty of Annexation in 1847.

Additional information:

Timeline of Sindh Conquests / Rule

• 1026 AD: Sindh conquered by Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi
• 1050 AD: Soomras take control from Ghaznavides
• 1351 AD: Samas take control from Soomras
• 1520–1566 AD: Rule of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
• 1520–1591 AD: Sindh ruled by Shah Baig Argoon, Shah Hassan Argoon, Mirza Isa Tarkhan, etc.
• 1591 AD: Sindh conquered by Mughals
• 1701 AD: Kalhoras take control from Mughals
• 1783 AD: Talpurs overthrow Kalhoras
• 17 Feb 1843: Sindh annexed by British from Talpurs

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

Timeline of Sindh Conquests / Rule

• 1026 AD: Sindh conquered by Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi
• 1050 AD: Soomras take control from Ghaznavides
• 1351 AD: Samas take control from Soomras
• 1520–1566 AD: Rule of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
• 1520–1591 AD: Sindh ruled by Shah Baig Argoon, Shah Hassan Argoon, Mirza Isa Tarkhan, etc.
• 1591 AD: Sindh conquered by Mughals
• 1701 AD: Kalhoras take control from Mughals
• 1783 AD: Talpurs overthrow Kalhoras
• 17 Feb 1843: Sindh annexed by British from Talpurs

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Ranikot Fort is located in Jamshoro District, Sindh.
• It is also known as The Great Wall of Sindh.
• It is believed to be the world's largest fort.
• It is circumference of approximately 32 KM or 20 Mile.
• The site was nominated in 1993 by the Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO World Heritage status.
• The fort is listed as a historical site under the Antiquities Act, 1975.
• The small Fort within Rani Kot Fort is known as Mari Kot.

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Sindh became part of the Arab Empire in 712 AD after the conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim.
• It remained under Arab rule until 1014 AD, when local dynasties and later the Ghaznavids took control.
• Capital of Arab Sindh: Al-Mansura (near modern Sukkur).
• Arab rule duration: About 303 years.

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

Timeline of Sindh Conquests / Rule

• 1026 AD: Sindh conquered by Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi
• 1050 AD: Soomras take control from Ghaznavides
• 1351 AD: Samas take control from Soomras
• 1520–1566 AD: Rule of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
• 1520–1591 AD: Sindh ruled by Shah Baig Argoon, Shah Hassan Argoon, Mirza Isa Tarkhan, etc.
• 1591 AD: Sindh conquered by Mughals
• 1701 AD: Kalhoras take control from Mughals
• 1783 AD: Talpurs overthrow Kalhoras
• 17 Feb 1843: Sindh annexed by British from Talpurs

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Manora Fort was constructed in 1797 during the rule of the Talpur dynasty in Sindh.
• It was built to protect the Karachi harbor and coastal trade routes.

Additional information:

• Ruling Dynasty: Talpur (1783–1843)
• Location: Manora Island, Karachi
• Major Trade Links: Oman, Bahrain, Persian Gulf

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• The Sukkur Barrage, officially named Lloyd Barrage, is located in Sindh Province.
• It built from 1923 to 1932 during the British Raj.
• It was rehabilitated in November 2004. 
• The barrage is approximately 2 km (1 mi) long.
• It is the oldest in Pakistan, with seven canals taking off from it.

Last verified on 14-03-2026