Explanation

• The Indus River system has western and eastern tributaries.
• Western tributaries mainly include rivers coming from Afghanistan and northern mountains.
• The Upper Indus Plain includes major rivers from the western side.
• Among the options, only Kabul River is a western tributary.
• It joins the Indus near Attock in Pakistan.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The Treaty allocates the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan
• The Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India
• Indus Waters Treaty signed on September 19, 1960, 
• Between India and Pakistan
• Treaty was brokered by the World Bank
• Signed at Karachi by 
• Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan,
• The then President of Pakistan, Jawaharlal Nehru 
• The then Indian Prime Minister, and Mr. W.A.B. Illif 
  
• The Treaty is effective from 1st April 1960 

Last updated by NS on 06 May 2026

Explanation

• Baglihar Dam is a hydroelectric project constructed by India.
• It is built on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The project was planned in 1992 and approved in 1996.
• Construction began in 1999 and the dam was completed in phases.

Commissioning:

• Stage I: 2008–2009
• Stage II: 2015–2016

Estimated Cost: Around US$1 billion

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Saiful Muluk is located in the Mansehra District, KPK.
• It is about 9 kilometres north of Naran, in the northern part of Kaghan Valley.
• Malika Parbat, the highest peak in the valley, is situated near the lake.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Canal seepage means water leaks into the ground from canals.
• This reduces the amount of water reaching farms.
• It causes major water loss in irrigation systems.

Last verified on 14-05-2026

Explanation

• Borith Lake is a lake in Gojal, Upper Hunza Valley in the Gilgit–Baltistan
• Lake type: Saline
• Basin countries: Pakistan
• Surface elevation: 2,600 m (8,500 ft)

Last updated by NS on 06 May 2026

Explanation

• The largest river in Pakistan is the Indus River, 
• It is the National River of Pakistan

Additional information related to Indus River

• The Indus River starts in Tibet
• It originates from the Mansarovar lake
• They flow through India, Pakistan,
• It finally falls into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
• They start making a delta near the city of Thatta
• The old name of the Indus River was Sindhu
• There are 6 Barrages constructed in the Indus River
  
• The Length of the Indus River is 3,180 km
• The 2nd source of  Indus River is Gar Tsangpo
• The upper Indus Plain starts from Kalabagh
• The upper Indus Plain ends at Mithankot 

Last updated by NA on 27 April 2026

Explanation

• Link canals are built to transfer water from one river or canal system to another.

• Their main purpose is to balance water distribution between different river basins.

• They help manage water shortages in some areas by diverting surplus water.

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Water losses in canals (through seepage, evaporation, and leakage) significantly reduce effective water availability.

• A large portion of irrigation water is lost before reaching the fields.

• Poor maintenance of canal systems increases water wastage.

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Perennial canals get water from barrages/dams year-round.
• Upper Chenab Canal is fed from Marala Headworks.
• Seasonal canals depend on flood water only.
• Pakistan has a large Indus Basin Irrigation System.

Last verified on 08-05-2026