Explanation

Africa has been declared free from wild polio 

ARCC declared Africa " Free of Wild Polio" on 25 August 2020.

ARCC stands Africa Regional Commission for the Certification

Nigeria is the last African country to be declared free from wild polio

while 

According to UNICEF, Pakistan will be polio-free by the end of: 2023

Explanation

on 15 August 2021, the Taliban entered Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul, and took control of the country.

Over the past 12 months, human rights violations against women and girls have mounted steadily.

Explanation

AUKUS, is a trilateral security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, announced on 15 September 2021 for the Indo-Pacific region.

Under the pact, the US and the UK will help Australia to acquire nuclear-powered submarines.

Explanation

China has unveiled the world's first high-speed carbon fiber train.

China presented a ground-breaking advancement in high-speed rail technology, cementing its position as a global leader in the sector.

China has unveiled the first carbon fiber-only passenger train in history in July 2024

****

Explanation

Zimbabwe introduced a new gold-backed currency called ZiG to tackle inflation.

ZiG stands for "Zimbabwe Gold"

The ZiG replaces a Zimbabwean dollar, the RTGS, that had lost three-quarters of its value so far

Explanation

Pakistan launched its first Hyperspectral Satellite  from a Chinese launch centre

It was launched by Pakistani space agency SUPARCO

Launched on 19 October 2025.

It has been named as “HS-1”

Additional Information:

Hyperspectral imaging is a type of advanced camera technology used in satellites to study the Earth and space.

*** 

Explanation

Iron Beam is a HELWS developed by Israel to intercept a variety of threats, including rockets, mortars, artillery, and drones.

It's designed to complement existing missile defense systems like Iron Dome.

HELWS stands for high-energy laser weapon system.

****

Explanation

Brazil has become the first country to invest in the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF), a multilateral fund for global tropical forest conservation.

The fund aims to attract contributions from both wealthy and developing countries to support climate policy.

TFFF is envisioned as a $125 billion fund combining sovereign and private-sector contributions, paying countries based on preserved tropical forests.

***

Explanation

Brazil has become the first country to invest in the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF), a multilateral fund for global tropical forest conservation.

The fund aims to attract contributions from both wealthy and developing countries to support climate policy.

TFFF is envisioned as a $125 billion fund combining sovereign and private-sector contributions, paying countries based on preserved tropical forests.

***

Explanation

Ethiopia officially declared the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).

This is Africa's largest hydropower project, over which there was a diplomatic dispute between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt for years.

This dam is located on the Blue Nile River.

Its construction work was completed in 2025.

The height of the dam is about 145 meters. 

Its lengths is about 1,800 meters.

****