Explanation

• Waste from the plastic industry is an example of non-biodegradable waste.
• As plastics are synthetic materials that are resistant to decomposition.
• It can take hundreds or thousands of years to break down.

Explanation

• Vegetable waste from farms is an example of biodegradable waste.
• Which can be broken down naturally by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

Explanation

• Fruits are organic materials that are easily decomposed by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
• They are a natural part of the nutrient cycle and can break down quickly in the environment.

The examples of biodegradable materials such as:

• Organic waste (kitchen waste, human waste, food waste, manure)
• Plant material (tree leaves, grass, wood, paper, cotton)
• Animal products (leather, feathers, dead animals)
• Food and food waste (fruits, vegetables, leftover food)
• Dead organic matter (dead plants, dead organisms)

Explanation

• Solid wastes that are not easily decomposed by decomposers, such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, are called non-biodegradable wastes.
• These wastes are resistant to decomposition and can take hundreds or even thousands of years to break down.

Examples of non-biodegradable wastes include:

• Plastics
• Glass
• Metals
• Synthetic materials
• Chemicals
• Pesticides

Explanation

Solid wastes that are easily decomposed by decomposers, such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, are called biodegradable wastes.

Examples of biodegradable wastes include:

• Food waste
• Vegetable and fruit peels
• Paper and cardboard
• Human waste
• Animal waste

Explanation

Land pollution is caused by:

• Plastic bags, bottles, glass bottles, tin cans
• Vegetables and fruit cutting
• Animal wastes

Explanation

Gases from household materials are not a direct cause of water pollution.

Water pollution is typically caused by the release of harmful substances into water bodies, such as:

• Sewage water from homes (containing human waste, chemicals, and other pollutants)
• Untreated water from industries (containing industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and other pollutants)
• Water runoff from agriculture (containing pesticides, fertilizers, and other pollutants)

Explanation

• Fuel is the major source of release of direct pollutants in air pollution.
• Primarily due to the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.

Fuel combustion releases pollutants such as:

• Particulate matter (PM)
• Carbon monoxide (CO)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• Sulfur dioxide (SO2)Volatile 
• organic compounds (VOCs)

These pollutants can come from various sources, including:

• Transportation (vehicles, airplanes)
• Industrial processes (power plants, refineries)
• Residential and commercial heating and cooking

Explanation

Water from domestic use is not a typical cause of air pollution.

Air pollution is typically caused by the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere, such as:

• Burning of fuel (transportation, industrial processes)
• Burning of solid waste (incineration, landfills)
• Coal (mining, combustion)

Explanation

Air pollution is caused by the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which can come in the form of:

• Solids (particulate matter, such as dust, soot, and smoke)
• Liquids (aerosols, such as mist and fog)
• Gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds)