Explanation

• A pollutant is a substance or energy that causes pollution.
• It is an undesirable change to the environment.

Explanation

• Hypogeal germination occurs in monocotyledonous seeds (Monocot Seed).
• Where the cotyledon remains underground and the plumule emerges above the soil surface.
• Examples of monocot seeds include maize, wheat, rice, and grasses.

Explanation

• The hypocotyl hook is a structure formed during the germination of dicotyledonous seeds, such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).
• It is a curved region of the hypocotyl (the stem region between the cotyledon and the root) that protects the delicate cotyledon and plumule (shoot) as they emerge from the seed coat.

Explanation

• The requirement for light during seed germination varies among plant species.
• Some seeds, like peas and beans, can germinate in darkness (skototropism).
• While others, like lettuce and petunia, require light (photoblastism) to break seed dormancy and initiate germination.
• This is because light can trigger the production of hormones and enzymes essential for germination.

Explanation

Seed germination requires three essential conditions:

1. Water (H2O): Seeds need water to break dormancy and initiate germination.
2. Oxygen (O2): Seeds require oxygen for cellular respiration and energy production.
3. Proper Temperature: Seeds germinate within a specific temperature range (usually between 16°C to 24°C), which activates enzymes and metabolic processes.

Explanation

• The optimal temperature range for seed germination varies among plant species, but most seeds germinate best between 16°C to 24°C (61°F to 75°F).
• This temperature range allows for optimal metabolic activity, water uptake, and enzyme activation, facilitating seedling emergence and growth.

Explanation

• Coleoptile is a protective sheath that covers the emerging plumule (shoot) in grasses, including maize (Zea mays).
• It is a characteristic feature of monocotyledonous plants, particularly in the family Poaceae (grass family).

Explanation

• The coleoptile is a protective sheath that covers the emerging plumule (shoot) in grasses, including maize.
• It grows out of the soil, forming a straight stalk-like structure that eventually splits to reveal the first leaves.

Explanation

• The cotyledon (seed leaf) absorbs nutrients from the endosperm.
• It supplies food to the developing embryo during germination.

Explanation

• The embryo is the miniature plant inside a seed, consisting of the radicle (root), hypocotyl (stem), and cotyledon (seed leaf).
• It contains the structures that develop into the root, stem, and leaves of the new plant.