Explanation

Air is a mix of gases, with nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) being the main components.

The plus trace amounts of other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

Explanation

Cooking gas, also known as liquified petroleum gas (LPG), is a mixture of propane and butane.

It is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases.

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms with different atomic masses that have the same atomic number.

The atoms of different isotopes are atoms of the same chemical element; they differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotopes:

• The isotopes are a group of atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
• That means all isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei and the same number of electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Difference between isotopes

• Isotopes differ in the total number of neutrons present in their respective atomic nuclei.
• Thus they have different mass numbers.
• Different isotopes of the same element are having different masses.
• Protium (1 proton,1 electron, and no neutrons), Deuterium (1 proton, 1 electron, and 1 neutron), and Tritium (1 proton, 1 electron, and 2 neutrons) are examples of isotopes of Hydrogen.

Explanation

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) mainly consists of hydrocarbons like propane and butane.

These are gases composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

It is used as fuel for cooking and heating.

Explanation

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion in gas heaters.

It is highly toxic.

It can cause death when inhaled in large amounts.

Explanation

Smog is formed when pollutant gases like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react in sunlight (photochemical reaction).

It creates a thick, hazy air harmful to health, especially in urban areas.

Explanation

Temperature increases kinetic energy, speeding up diffusion.

Intermolecular forces affect how easily gas particles move past each other.

Molecular mass affects rate inversely — lighter gases diffuse faster (Graham's Law).

Explanation

Chlorine is a strong oxidant that rapidly kills many harmful microorganisms.

Chlorine is a toxic gas.

Explanation

Methane (CH₄) is produced during the anaerobic fermentation of biomass.

It is the main component of biogas.

It is widely used as a renewable energy source.

Explanation

Gases fill all the space available to them by expanding to take the shape and volume of their container.

Unlike solids and liquids, gases have no fixed shape or volume.