Explanation

There have been Two social welfare policies in Pakistan since 1947.

These are:

1. The Social Welfare Program of 1962: Focused on establishing welfare institutions and providing services to marginalized populations.
2. The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP): Launched in 2008, aimed at providing financial assistance to low-income families.

Explanation

I was tired so I didn't go to the office.

میں تھک گیا تھا اس لیے آفس نہیں گیا۔

"So" indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between being tired and the decision not to go to the office.

Explanation

The study of social patterns of interaction in specific settings is known as micro sociology.

It focuses on individual or small-group interactions and how these influence social dynamics within particular contexts.

Explanation

Unemployment during an economic recession is called cyclical unemployment.

It occurs due to fluctuations in the economic cycle, where decreased demand for goods and services leads to job losses.

Explanation

Gender stereotypes are an example of a cultural social problem.

They involve socially constructed beliefs and expectations about gender roles that can lead to discrimination and inequality.

Explanation

Applied sociologists work directly with communities, organizations, and policymakers to develop solutions to social problems.

This branch of sociology focuses on using research and theories to address and resolve real-world issues effectively.

Explanation

According to Article 11(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan, the employment of children below the age of 14 years is prohibited.

This provision aims to protect children from labor exploitation and ensure their right to education and development.

Explanation

The lack of income and/or assets that prevents one from obtaining a subsistence level of functioning is absolute poverty.

It refers to a condition where individuals cannot meet their basic needs for survival.

Such as food, shelter, and clothing.

Explanation

A technique that assesses and analyzes interpersonal relationships within a group of individuals is called sociometric technique.

It maps out relationships and interactions among members to understand social dynamics and group structures.

Explanation

Feminist theory focuses on how gender shapes social life.

It examines the ways in which gender inequalities impact social structures, relationships, and individual experiences.

It aiming to understand and address disparities between genders.