Explanation

Permanent members of the UN Security Council are 5

1. France
2. China
3. UK
4. USA 
5. Russia

• The Security Council consists of 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.

• total UNO Member 193

  Headquarters: New York, United States

  Founded: October 24, 1945

  Pakistan has become a non-permanent member of the Security Council seven Times:-

  1.      1952-1953,

  2.      1968-1969,

  3.      1976-1977,

  4.      1983-1984,

  5.      1993-1994,

  6.      2003-2004,

  7.       2012-2013

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Explanation

• Refrigerants are gases used in refrigerators to absorb heat and provide cooling.
• Freon (CFCs) and ammonia are commonly used in domestic and commercial refrigeration.
• They evaporate at low temperatures, absorbing heat from the fridge interior.
  

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

In 2018, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution proclaiming January 24 as International Day of Education.

Fifth edition of International Day of Education observed on 24 January 2023.

Theme 2026: The power of youth in co-creating education

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Explanation

Reluctant means بے دلی سے کام کرنے والا

Eager means دل سے یا شوق سے کام کرنے والا

Explanation

• Vitamin A deficiency → Night blindness (Nyctalopia)
• Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function.

Additional information:

• Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.
• Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
• Vitamin B1 supports nerve function and energy metabolism.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

António Guterres, who took office as the 9th Secretary-General of the United Nations

Term: 2017–present (re-elected for a second term beginning Jan 1, 2022)

Country: Portugal

Background: Politician and engineer, born in Lisbon 

He served as Portugal's Prime Minister from 1995 to 2002.

Explanation

• Plants need gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration.
• Exchange of CO₂, O₂, and water vapor occurs through stomata on leaves.
• Stomata are tiny pores controlled by guard cells.

Additional information:

• Helps maintain internal water balance and gas diffusion.
• Essential for growth, energy production, and transpiration.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Cotton is Pakistan’s major export commodity.
• It contributing significantly to foreign exchange earnings.
• It is used in the textile industry for making fabrics, garments, and yarn.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• UNHCR: United Nations High Commission for Refugees
• Founded: 1950
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Purpose: Protection and assistance of refugees
• Won Nobel Peace Prize: 1954

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

The Arab League Headquarters is located in Cairo, Egypt

It  is a regional organization in the Arab World 

Official languages Arabic

Founded: March 22, 1945

Members: 22