Explanation

First, series combination:

1/C = 1/2 + 1/3 = (3+2)/6 = 5/6

C = 6/5 = 1.2 μF

Now in parallel with 5 μF:

C_total = 1.2 + 5 = 6.2 μF

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Electric potential due to a point charge is: V=kQ/r.
• It is inversely proportional to distance r.
• k = Coulomb constant (9 × 10⁹ Nm²/C²).

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Waves are of two main types: transverse and longitudinal.
• Transverse waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction of travel.
• Longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the direction of travel.
• Both can reflect and refract.
• Only transverse waves show a unique property called polarization.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system.
• An isolated system does not exchange energy or matter with surroundings.
• Irreversible processes naturally occur in real life.
• They involve energy dissipation like heat loss or friction.
• This leads to an increase in disorder of the system.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

Work output = 180 J

Efficiency = (Work / Heat absorbed) × 100

= (180 / 600) × 100

= 30%

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• A monatomic ideal gas contains single-atom particles like He, Ne, Ar.
• Its internal energy depends only on translational motion.
• Degrees of freedom = 3 (x, y, z directions).
• Using kinetic theory, heat capacity can be derived.
• At constant volume, all heat increases internal energy only.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• A satellite orbiting close to Earth moves under Earth’s gravity.
• Its motion is circular near the surface.
• Time period depends on Earth’s radius and gravitational acceleration.
• It is derived using circular motion equations.
• It is independent of satellite mass.

Additional information:

• R (Earth radius) ≈ 6.37 × 10⁶ m
• g ≈ 9.8 m/s²
• Time period ≈ 84–85 minutes (low Earth orbit)

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Standing waves are produced by interference of waves.
• They form when two identical waves meet.
• The waves must have same frequency and amplitude.
• They travel in opposite directions.
• This creates nodes (no vibration) and antinodes (maximum vibration).

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Young’s experiment shows interference of light.
• Fringe spacing depends on wavelength, distance, and slit separation.
• Formula: fringe width is inversely proportional to slit separation.
• So, increasing slit separation reduces fringe spacing.
• This affects the distance between bright and dark bands on screen.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• A central force always acts along the line joining the particle and a fixed point (center).
• Example: gravitational and electrostatic forces.
• Such forces produce zero torque about the center.
• Because torque is zero, rotational motion is unaffected.
• This leads to conservation of angular momentum.

Last verified on 22-05-2026