Explanation

The time during which workers are at the disposal of the employer, excluding intervals for rest and meals, is called "Hours of work."

It represents the total time employees are actively engaged in their duties.

Explanation

A probationer is a person undergoing a trial period in a new job or role, often receiving a stipend or allowance.

This period tests their suitability for permanent employment.

Explanation

The application for establishing a union is submitted to the Registrar of Trade Unions as per the law.

The Registrar is responsible for overseeing the registration and regulation of trade unions.

Explanation

Under the law, a minimum of 50 workers from an establishment are required to form a union.

This threshold ensures that the union represents a significant portion of the workforce.

Explanation

A strike that is declared, commenced, or continued not in accordance with the provisions of the Punjab Industrial Relations Act, 2010, is considered an illegal strike.

Such strikes are not protected by the law and can lead to legal consequences.

Explanation

The Punjab Industrial Relations Act, 2010, extends to the entire province of Punjab.

It governs labor relations and industrial disputes across all industrial units and workplaces within the province.

Explanation

In extraordinary circumstances, an employee is generally required to inform their employer about their absence and request casual leave within 3 days.

This ensures that the employer is notified in a timely manner.

Explanation

In Punjab, two Labour Appellate Tribunals are established in Lahore and Multan.

These tribunals handle appeals related to labor disputes and employment issues.

Explanation

The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 177 specifically addresses the rights and conditions of Home-Based Workers (HBWs).

It aims to ensure fair treatment and adequate protection for workers who perform their work from home.

Explanation

"Stalemate" can function as both a noun and a verb.

As a noun, it refers to a situation where no progress can be made (often used in chess).

As a verb, it means to bring about a stalemate or deadlock.