Explanation

• This statement is attributed to Michael Brecher.
• He mentioned it in his book Jawaharlal Nehru: A Political Biography.
• He discussed the central role of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the creation of Pakistan.
• According to him, Jinnah’s leadership was crucial for Pakistan’s formation in 1947.
• The idea highlights how individual leadership shaped history.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Citation styles are formats used to give references in research work.
• Common styles include APA, ASA, and Author-Date system.
• APA citation style is widely used in social sciences.
• ASA citation style is used in sociology research.
• Author-Date system is also a common reference formatting method.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Under the Constitution of Pakistan, the Supreme Court has special original jurisdiction.
• It deals with disputes between federal government and provincial governments.
• It also covers disputes between provinces themselves.
• This power is given under Article 184 of the Constitution.
• It ensures the Supreme Court acts as the highest authority in inter-government disputes.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The Shah Bano case was a famous legal case in India (1985).
• It was related to a Muslim woman’s right to maintenance after divorce.
• The Supreme Court gave a judgment in her favor under criminal law.
• It created a major debate on Muslim Personal Law vs secular law.
• It became a landmark case in women’s rights and constitutional law.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The book is written by Barney White-Spunner.
• It was published in 2017.
• It describes the Partition of India in 1947 and creation of Pakistan.
• Focuses on events from January to August 1947 in detail.
• It explains the political decisions and violence during Partition.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Full Form: National Counter Terrorism Authority
• Headquarters: Islamabad, Pakistan
• Established: 2009 (initial setup: January 2008)
• Legal Formation: 2013
• Minister Responsible: Interior Minister
• Motto: Stand United Against Terrorism
• Purpose: Counter terrorism & extremism

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Al-Mansoor established Baghdad as the capital 
• Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE.
• It is the circular City of Peace (madinat al-salam)
• It is the capital of Iraq
• The second-largest city in the Arab world 
• It is located on the Tigris river
• It has 11 District

Last updated by NA on 28 April 2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Mikail (AS) is an archangel in Islam responsible for bringing rain, providing sustenance, and controlling winds.

Additional information:

• Hazrat Jibrail (AS): Brings revelation to prophets
• Hazrat Izrail (AS): Captures souls at the time of death
• Hazrat Israfil (AS): Will blow the trumpet on Qiyamah (Day of Judgment)

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• The police system was first established by Umar ibn al-Khattab.
• He was the second Caliph (634–644 CE).
• A proper system of law enforcement and public safety was organized.
• He also introduced the Hijri calendar.
• He established systems like Bait-ul-Mal (treasury) and judiciary.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

Passage: Science affects the average man and woman in two ways. He or she benefits by its applications, driving in a motorcar or omnibus instead of a horse-drawn vehicle, being treated for diseases by a doctor or surgeon rather than a witch, and being killed with an automatic pistol or a shell in place of a dagger or battle-axe. It also affects his or her opinions, almost everyone believes that the earth is round, and the heavens nearly empty, instead of being solid. And we are beginning to believe in our animal ancestry and the possibility of vast improvements in human nature by biological methods.

1. A suitable title for the passage would be? Impact of Science

2. Science has made man aware of? His ancestry

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect in the context of the passage? 

A. Man has benefits from science

B. Diseases have been reduced by science

C. Man now uses guns to kill

D. Science has changed man's life

4. The impact of Science has? Made us look afresh at ourselves

Last verified on 30-04-2026