Explanation

Climate change leads to more frequent and intense floods, droughts, heatwaves, and glacial melting in Pakistan.

These events severely impact agriculture, water resources, and human health.

It posing a major threat to the country’s economy and livelihoods.

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi is renowned for leading the Indian independence movement using non-violent civil disobedience (Ahimsa).

He inspired millions of Indians to peacefully resist British rule through protests, marches, and boycotts.

It earned him the title "Father of the Nation" in India.

Additional Information:

1915: Gandhi returned to India from South Africa and began working for social reforms.

1919: Launched opposition to the Rowlatt Act, marking the start of mass movements.

1930: Led the Dandi March (Salt March) against British salt laws.

1942: Launched the Quit India Movement, demanding an end to British rule.

15 August 1947: India gained independence.

Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948.

Explanation

The Internet was developed to allow fast, global communication and sharing of information across networks.

It connects people, devices, and systems worldwide, transforming how we access and exchange data.

Explanation

European nations, especially Portugal and Spain, sought direct sea routes to Asia to access spices, silk, and other valuable goods.

This helped them avoid middlemen in the Middle East and gain greater profits from trade.

Explanation

Primary Cause of 2022 Floods:

Record Monsoon Rains: Pakistan received 190% more rainfall than average (NDMA data), submerging 1/3 of the country.

Glacial Melt: Heatwaves accelerated melting, adding to water volume (UN report).

Poor Infrastructure: Weak dams, drainage systems, and urban planning worsened flooding.

Explanation

The Indian Ocean lies between Africa on the west and Australia on the east.

The Indian Ocean has a total area of nearly 69 million square kilometers.

It is the third-largest ocean in the world.

It is vital for international trade routes.

Explanation

The local government system brings governance closer to the people, allowing for faster and more responsive service delivery.

It helps decentralize power from federal/provincial levels and encourages community participation in development.

Explanation

The 1973 Constitution provides the framework for Pakistan’s political system, including the roles of the legislature, executive, and judiciary.

It declares Pakistan an Islamic republic.

It ensures fundamental rights, and establishes a parliamentary form of government.

Explanation

The judiciary in Pakistan plays a key role in interpreting the Constitution and laws of the country.

It ensures justice, protects fundamental rights, and maintains checks and balances on the executive and legislative branches.

Explanation

As of February 2025, China contributed 40% of Pakistan’s total FDI in infrastructure during FY 2024–25.

China invested $790 million in sectors like power, energy, and transport, making it the top foreign investor.