Explanation

• LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current passes through it.
• It is widely used in lighting, displays, electronic indicators, and screens.

Additional information:

• Energy efficiency: Up to 90% more efficient than traditional bulbs
  First discovery: H. J. Round – 1907
  Early research: Oleg Losev – 1927
  Practical LED development: James R. Biard – 1961
  First commercial production: October 1962 (Nick Holonyak)

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

•  Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan.
• Construction began in 1960
• Became the capital in 1967.

Additional information
Currency is the Pakistani Rupee.

Official language is Urdu; English.

Located in Continent Asia.

Primary Religion is Islam.

Head of Govt. is Prime Minister –Shehbaz Sharif.

Pakistan Parliament is called the National Assembly & Senate.

Tricks for Remember

RUPEE

Mind Tricks : PICS of MN

***PICS***

P - Pakistan

I - India

C - Ceylon

S - Srilanka

**MN**

M - Maritius

N - Nepal

Explanation

• The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to plants and animals.

Additional information:

• Chemical Formula: O₃ (three oxygen atoms)
• Layer Location: Stratosphere, 15–40 km above Earth
• Function: Absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays from the Sun
• Depletion Causes: Air pollution, CFCs, industrial chemicals
• Protection Measures: Reduce CFC use, ozone-friendly products

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The Leaning Tower of Pisa is in Pisa, Italy.
• Located in the Piazza del Duomo (Square of Miracles).

Additional information:

• The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches).
• Construction started: August 9, 1173
• Architect: Bonanno Pisano
• Floors: 8
• Completed: 1372

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The name "Pakistan" was coined by Chaudhry Rahmat Ali, 
• He is a prominent activist of the Pakistan Movement.
• He first published it in a 1933 pamphlet titled "Now or Never".
• The name translates to "Land of the Pure" in Urdu 
• He first thought of the name in 1932 while on a London bus,
• it was formally published in January 1933. 

Rahmat Ali created it as an acronym for
• Punjab
• Afghania (North-West Frontier Province)
• Kashmir
• Sindh
• Baluchistan 
  

Explanation

• Tarbela Dam is 143 metres (470 ft) high above the riverbed.
• It is the largest earth-filled dam in the world
• Max Elevation: 1,550 feet (472.44  m).
• Length: 9,000 feet (2743 m).
• Capacity: 11.6 million acre-feet (MAF)
• Location: Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
• Construction began: 1968
• Opening date: 1976

Last updated on 06-March-2026

Explanation

• Brussels is the capital of Belgium
• Location: Central Belgium, on the Senne River.

Additional information

• Belgium's currency is Euro.
• Official language is Dutch; French; German.
• Located in Continent Europe.
• Primary Religion is Secular.

Tricks for Remember

EURO

 BIG -FAN-PI –SMS

Mind Trick : BIG FAN of PI and wished through SMS

**BIG**

B-Belgium

I-Ireland

G-Germany

**FAN**

F-France

A-Austria

N-Netherland

**PI**

P-Portugal

I-Italy

**SMS**

S-Spain

M-Malta

S-Solvaria

Explanation

• The capital of Turkey is Ankara.
• Capital since October 13, 1923
  Located in the central part of Anatolia.

Additional information:

• Currency is the Turkish Lira.
• The official language is Turkish.
• Located in the continent of Europe/ Asia.
• Primary Religion is Islam (But Secular country).
• The head of Govt is President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
• Parliament is called the Grand National Assembly.

 Last updated 12 april 2026

Explanation

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory.

It is a type of non-volatile storage

Retains data even when power is turned off

Purpose: It holds data that is rarely changed, such as system firmware.

Function: It is crucial for starting up (booting) a computer.

..

RAM stands for random access memory

PROM stands for Programmable Read-Only Memory.

WINDOWS stands for Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work solutions

Explanation

The standard shortcut key to print a page or document in most Windows applications and web browsers is Ctrl + P

Windows/Linux: Press Ctrl and P together.

Mac OS: Press Command and P together.