Explanation

• The classic debate separating political decision-making from administrative execution is called the Politics-Administration Dichotomy.
• The concept is strongly associated with Woodrow Wilson and Frank J. Goodnow.
• It distinguishes politics (policy-making) from administration (policy implementation).
• Wilson discussed this distinction in his 1887 essay, “The Study of Administration.”

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

POSDCORB is an acronym that stands for:

• Planning: Setting goals and objectives
• Organizing: Team structure and coordination
• Staffing: Recruitment and training
• Directing: Leadership and guidance
• Coordinating: Time and resource management
• Reporting: Progress updates and feedback
• Budgeting: Financial planning and control

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• Public Administration is traditionally considered mainly a sub-domain of Political Science.
• It deals with the implementation of government policies and public programs.
• Public Administration is closely connected with government, politics, and the functioning of public institutions.
• Woodrow Wilson helped establish Public Administration as a distinct field of study through his 1887 essay, “The Study of Administration.”

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• The normal balance of a liability account is a credit balance.
• Liabilities represent amounts owed by a business to outsiders.
• When a liability increases, it is generally credited.
• When a liability decreases, it is generally debited.
• Examples include accounts payable, loans payable, and accrued expenses.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
• In educational planning, SWOT analysis is used to assess the internal and external factors affecting an institution or educational plan.
• Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors.
• Opportunities and Threats are external factors.
• It helps educational planners make better strategic decisions.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
• It is a project management technique used for planning, scheduling, and controlling complex projects.
• PERT was developed in the 1950s for the U.S. Navy's Polaris missile program.
• It focuses on estimating the time required for project activities.
• PERT is especially useful when activity times are uncertain.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• Max Weber is widely considered the father of bureaucratic theory.
• His work "Economy and Society" (1922) is a seminal text on the subject.
• Weber's theory of bureaucracy emphasized the importance of hierarchy, rules, and impersonality in organizational structure.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• Woodrow Wilson is described as the Father of Public Administration.
• His famous essay “The Study of Administration” was published in 1887.

Additional information:

• Max Weber → Bureaucratic Theory
• Frederick Taylor → Scientific Management

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• Person: Lord Charles Cornwallis
• Position: Governor-General of Bengal
• Cornwallis Code: 1793
• Period of major reforms: 1786–1793
• He is also associated with the Permanent Settlement of Bengal (1793).

Last verified on 08-08-2026