Explanation

• The Treaty allocates the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan
• The Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India
• Indus Waters Treaty signed on September 19, 1960, 
• Between India and Pakistan
• Treaty was brokered by the World Bank
• Signed at Karachi by 
• Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan,
• The then President of Pakistan, Jawaharlal Nehru 
• The then Indian Prime Minister, and Mr. W.A.B. Illif 
  
• The Treaty is effective from 1st April 1960 

Last updated by NS on 26 JULY 2026

Explanation

• Total days: 366 days
• Extra day: February 29 (Februray has 29 days instead of 28)
• Frequency: Happens every 4 years

Last updated 26-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Abbreviation: NHA
• Formation: 1991
• Headquarters: Islamabad, Pakistan
• Official language: Urdu and English
• Ministry: Ministry of Communications
• Role: Construction and maintenance
• Responsible for: National highways and motorways

Last updated 26-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• SI stands for the International System of Units
• The world's standard modern metric system used for science, commerce, and everyday measurements.

The SI system is built upon seven fundamental base units: 

1. Metre (m) – for length
2. Kilogram (kg) – for mass
3. Second (s) – for time
4. Ampere (A) – for electric current
5. Kelvin (K) – for thermodynamic temperature
6. Mole (mol) – for amount of substance
7. Candela (cd) – for luminous intensity 

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• An Islamic state is answerable to Allah Almighty,
• Based on the core Islamic principle of divine sovereignty. 

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

Explanation

• A canal usually originates from a headworks.
• Headworks are structures built across or near a river to divert and control water.
• They supply water to canals for irrigation and other purposes.
• Example: The Lower Chenab Canal originates from Khanki Headworks.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Phrase: “A Pakistan player and his Indian rival”
• It is not a fixed idiom.
• It is a descriptive phrase.
• It refers to two competitors from Pakistan and India.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Indirect Speech: The doctor asked Sara if she had pain in her leg.
• Reporting verb: said to → asked because it is a question.
• Question type: It is a Yes/No question, so we use if.
• Pronoun change: you → she.
• Tense change: have → had.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• He died a year ago.
• Tense used: Simple Past Tense.
• Reason: “A year ago” indicates a specific time in the past.
• Rule: Use Simple Past with words like yesterday, last week, and a year ago.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA