Explanation

• Alpha particles are compact clusters of two protons and two neutrons.
• They are identical to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom.
• Alpha particles carry a +2 positive charge.
• They have high ionizing power but low penetrating power.
• A sheet of paper or human skin can stop alpha particles.

Last verified on 07-06-2025

Explanation

• Fission is the process in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.
• It usually occurs when a heavy nucleus, such as Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239, absorbs a neutron.
• The process also releases additional neutrons, which can start a chain reaction.
• Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs.

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• Bluetooth is a Personal Area Network (PAN) technology used for short-range communication.
• It connects devices within a range of about 10 meters.
• It is commonly used in headphones, mobile phones, and laptops.
• It works without cables using wireless signals.

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• A Fathometer is used to measure the depth of the ocean, sea, or any body of water.
• It determines the distance from the water surface to the seabed.
• The instrument works using sound waves (echo sounding).
• It measures the time taken for sound waves to travel to the seabed and return.

Additional information:

• Galvanometer → Measures electric current
• Barometer → Measures atmospheric pressure
• Thermometer → Measures temperature
• Hygrometer → Measures humidity

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

• Almost 40% of the world's oil supply passes through the Strait of Hormuz.
• It is one of the world's most important oil shipping routes.
• The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.
• It is about 55–95 km wide.

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

• The Mariana Trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean.
• It is the deepest place on Earth.
• Length: About 2,550 km
• Deepest Point: Challenger Deep
• Maximum Depth: About 10,984 m (≈11 km)

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

• A Foreign Key is a field in one table that refers to the Primary Key of another table.
• It is used to create a relationship between two database tables.
• A foreign key helps maintain referential integrity by ensuring valid data links.

Additional information:

• Primary Key: Uniquely identifies each record in a table.
• Candidate Key: A field that can become a primary key.
• Composite Key: A key made from two or more columns.
• Super Key: One or more columns that uniquely identify a record.

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

• Albert Einstein explained the Photoelectric Effect in 1905 by proposing that light consists of tiny particles called photons.
• He showed that electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light of sufficient frequency falls on it.
• His explanation supported Quantum Theory.
• Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for this discovery.

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

Latest Member: Sweden (joined 7 March 2024)

• Muslim Member Country: Türkiye
• Pakistan: Not a NATO member

Additional information:

• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA).
• Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium 
• Type: Military Alliance.
• Official Languages: English & French.
• Founding Members: 12

Total Members: 32

• European: 30
• North American: 2

List of NATO member countries:

1. Albania
2. Belgium
3. Bulgaria
4. Canada
5. Croatia
6. Czechia
7. Denmark
8. Estonia
9. France
10. Germany
11. Greece
12. Hungary
13. Iceland
14. Italy
15. Latvia
16. Lithuania
17. Luxembourg
18. Montenegro
19. Netherlands
20. North Macedonia
21. Norway
22. Poland
23. Portugal
24. Romania
25. Slovakia
26. Slovenia
27. Spain
28. Turkiye
29. United Kingdom
30. United States
31. Finland
32. Sweden

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Gravitational force is the fundamental force that attracts any two objects with mass toward each other.
• It was explained by Isaac Newton through the Law of Universal Gravitation.
• Gravity keeps planets in orbit around the Sun and causes objects to fall toward the Earth.

Last verified on 06-07-2026